Queen Victorias Golden Jubilee Celebrations

Queen Victorias Golden Jubilee Celebrations Queen Victoria reigned for 63 years and was honored by two great public commemorations of her longevity as ruler of the British Empire. Her Golden Jubilee, to mark the 50th anniversary of her reign, was observed in June 1887. European heads of state, as well as delegations of officials from throughout the empire, attended lavish events in Britain. The Golden Jubilee festivities were widely seen not only as a celebration of Queen Victoria but as an affirmation of Britains place as a global power. Soldiers from throughout the British Empire marched in processions in London. And in the distant outposts of the empire celebrations were also held. Not everyone was inclined to celebrate the longevity of Queen Victoria or the supremacy of Britain. In Ireland, there were public expressions of protest against British rule. And Irish Americans held their own public gatherings to denounce British oppression in their homeland. Ten years later, Victorias Diamond Jubilee celebrations were held to mark Victorias 60th anniversary on the throne. The 1897 events were distinctive as they seemed to mark the end of an era, as they were the last great assemblage of European royalty. Preparations for Queen Victorias Golden Jubilee As the 50th anniversary of Queen Victorias reign approached, the British government felt that a monumental celebration was in order. She had become queen in 1837, at the age of 18, when the monarchy itself had seemed to be coming to an end. She had successfully restored the monarchy to where it occupied a preeminent place in British society. And by any accounting, her reign had been successful. Britain, by the 1880s, stood astride much of the world. And despite small-scale conflicts in Afghanistan and Africa, Britain had essentially been at peace since the Crimean War three decades earlier. There was also a feeling that Victoria deserved a great celebration as she had never celebrated her 25th anniversary on the throne. Her husband, Prince Albert, had died young, in December 1861. And the celebrations which likely would have occurred in 1862, which would have been her Silver Jubilee, were simply out of the question. Indeed, Victoria became fairly reclusive after Alberts death, and when she did appear in public, she would be dressed in widows black. In early 1887 the British government began making preparations for the Golden Jubilee. Many Events Preceded Jubilee Day in 1887 The date of large public events was to be June 21, 1887, which would be the first day of the 51st year of her reign. But a number of associated events began in early May. Delegates from British colonies, including Canada and Australia, gathered and met with Queen Victoria on May 5, 1887, at Windsor Castle. For the next six weeks, the queen participated in a number of public events, including helping to lay the cornerstone for a new hospital. At one point in early May, she expressed curiosity about an American show then touring England, Buffalo Bills Wild West Show. She attended a performance, enjoyed it, and later met cast members. The queen traveled to one of her favorite residences, Balmoral Castle in Scotland, to celebrate her birthday on May 24, but planned to return for London for the major events which would take place close to the anniversary of her accession, June 20. The Golden Jubilee Celebrations The actual anniversary of Victorias accession to the throne, June 20, 1887, began with a private commemoration. Queen Victoria, with her family, had breakfast at Frogmore, near the mausoleum of Prince Albert. She returned to Buckingham Palace, where an enormous banquet was held. Members of various European royal families attended, as did diplomatic representatives. The following day, June 21, 1887, was marked with lavish public spectacle. The queen traveled by a procession through the streets of London to Westminster Abbey. According to a book published the following year, the queens carriage was accompanied by a bodyguard of seventeen princes in military uniform, superbly mounted and wearing their jewels and orders. The princes were from Russia, Britain, Prussia, and other European nations. The role of India in the British Empire was emphasized by having a troop of Indian cavalry in the procession close to the queens carriage. Ancient Westminster Abbey had been prepared, as galleries of seats had been built to accommodate 10,000 invited guests. The service of thanksgiving was marked by prayers and music performed by the abbeys choir. That night, illuminations lit the skies of England. According to one account, On rugged cliffs and beacon hills, on mountain peaks and lofty heaths and commons, great bonfires blazed. The next day a celebration for 27,000 children was held in Londons Hyde Park. Queen Victoria paid a visit to the Childrens Jubilee. All the children attending were given a Jubilee Mug designed by the Doulton company. Some Protested the Celebrations of Queen Victorias Reign Not everyone was favorably impressed by the lavish celebrations honoring Queen Victoria. The New York Times reported that a large gathering of Irish men and women in Boston had protested the plan to hold a celebration of Queen Victorias Golden Jubilee at Faneuil Hall. The celebration at Faneuil Hall in Boston was held on June 21, 1887, despite pleas to the city government to block it. And celebrations were also held in New York City and other American cities and towns. In New York, the Irish community held its own large meeting at Cooper Institute on June 21, 1887. A detailed account in the New York Times was headlined: Irelands Sad Jubilee: Celebrating in Mourning and Bitter Memories. The New York Times story described how the capacity crowd of 2,500, in a hall decorated with black crepe, listened attentively to speeches denouncing British rule in Ireland and the actions of the British government during the Great Famine of the 1840s. Queen Victoria was criticized by one speaker as Irelands tyrant.

Academic life Essays

Academic life Essays Academic life Essay Academic life Essay It is not rare to find faculties having certain stereotypes against persons with disabilities. According to Vasek (2005), faculties that do not have the correct strategies and staff who have experience with disabled persons tend to label students with disabilities. This is in comparison with faculties whose staff is well versed with the needs of the disabled. The more experienced staff more so the professors not only have greater positive attitudes but they are also more sensitive to the needs of the disabled persons. Students with disabilities in such institutions tend to have greater success in their overall social and academic life. On another dimension, some faculties have ended up not fully supporting students with disabilities due to inadequate information provided by the student. Since the student is held responsible of disclosing their disability as best as possible, the effects of inadequate disclosure due to the student’s negative attitudes towards faculty end up influencing the faculty. It always becomes hard for a faculty to determine the right facilities to accommodate a disabled student when adequate information is not provided. In fact determining the needs of the disabled individual may prove challenging to the faculty if the faculty does not have enough experience to deal with the presented disability (Caverly, 2008). The nature of disability surfaces since some forms of disabilities may have a generally well known way of dealing with it than others. It is for instance noted that while it is a common experience among professors to have taught a person who is in wheelchair, they may not be as equipped in dealing with persons with hidden disabilities (Ysseldyke et al, 2004). The provisions in Section 504 and ADA have greatly shaped the attitudes of faculty towards students with disabilities. With Section 504 prohibiting discrimination of persons with disabilities from accessing postsecondary education and several requirements, faculties have been forced to readjust so as to accommodate the disabled. Such adjustments have not only involved provision of supportive facilities but have also included change in attitudes. Persons with disabilities have largely been accepted by faculties as the law has demanded so. With realization that students with disabilities need special attention for them to experience equal benefits with non-disabled students, faculties have had to provide for auxiliary services that are necessary. According to Saunders (2007), faculties have had to provide appropriate accommodation services for the disabled students as per the requirements of the law. It has also been noted that despite the much acceptability of the inclusion of the disabled in the institutions of higher education, the private sector in general does not seem to view this move very positively. Training faculty members on the ways to effectively handle students with disabilities in order to benefit the student to the maximum has been a move created by Section 504 and ADA. The willingness to accommodate students with disabilities has been shown to vary greatly in faculties depending on several variables. According to Rao (2004), while faculties (professors in specific) have shown great acceptance of some forms of accommodations for students with disabilities, the willingness to provide such assistance differs depending on the types of facilities required. For instance, there seems to be a greater acceptability to offer learning aids such as taped lectures extended time for assignments as compared to allowing the student with disability to do special assignments in addition to the normal ones. Poor understanding and implementation of the requirements of Section 504 and ADA has created relatively negative attitudes towards persons with disabilities which have ended up in legal battles (DePoy Gitlin, 2005). Faculties may for instance have difficulties with dealing with sensitive disability issues that the student may present. While it is the obligation of the faculty to provide necessary support to the disabled student, the faculty is still supposed to work within its capacity. Balancing the need to have the student’s needs catered for and catering for overall learning needs for other students becomes tough for faculties and they may tend to develop negativity on accommodating the disabled. Accommodating the needs of persons with disabilities requires extra efforts and resources. A professor for instance may be required to set extra time to prepare taped notes and other auxiliary aids for the disabled persons. The faculty in itself may require extra resources and infrastructure to ensure smooth learning for the disabled students. Whereas this may be received negatively by some facilities, some faculties appreciate accommodating the disabled. Even in cases where the resources have been provided, it is the sentiments of some faculties that students with disabilities sometimes end up not being served effectively (Buskist Davis, 2006). This implies that some faculties do not fully embrace and appreciate the need to have the disabled persons treated equally in the institutions of higher education.

HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

HISTORY - Essay Example The aim of Grady was to develop a dynamic and prosperous country. After the fire accident in the year 1864, the city of Atlanta raised to a much beautiful and bold city. Since then, leaders like Grady wanted America to be one among the best countries in the world. He wished the New South to be a united and democratic place. The main aim of Grady was to bring a nation where people had the freedom to express their views. He wanted to bring about a change in the history of America. This was made possible since southern nation changed to a nation with more freedom. Grady aspired to make New South a place with diversity. Since agriculture was the only form of occupation, it did not yield much of an income. Then Grady wanted the people to work in all the fields like the people of Northern nations. (Grady 1890).He wanted to indulge people in all sorts of industries and improve their standard of living. Grady encouraged the public to invest in capital funds which will improve the financial status of the country. Another aim of Grady was to improve the industries so that job opportunities would increase. Grady wished to abolish labor unions and slavery. This was ruining the people of America. Another major aim of Grady was to remove racism and treat everyone as same. He strived hard to put an end to racism. Due to racism, many Americans and African-Americans found it difficult to work in the industries. A high rate of difference was prevailing in the industries which led Grady to abolish racism. African-Americans were not given opportunity to work in the industries were Americans were working. After a struggle Grady managed to change this situation. Blacks were also treated as other Americans. His dream of bringing blacks into â€Å"New South† came true. This gradually led to the improvement in the lives of slaves. Many people were living in the South as slaves’ pre and post war. (Grady 1890).Grady freed the slaves from the Southern job market. He initiated a

Total Productive Maintenance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Total Productive Maintenance - Essay Example However in order to undertake an effective Total Productive Maintenance process some important factors should be taken into consideration. It is important to understand both the potential rewards and the associated risks. The main aim of this paper is to summarize what has been written so far about the Total Productive Maintenance process and to propose a methodological approach in order to conduct a research concerning this issue. The paper is also aimed at analyzing and testing the effectiveness of the contributing factors in the implementation of the Total Productive Maintenance process. TPM is combination the ideas of people operating the equipment and people maintaining it (Robert, 2002). Maintenance affects all aspects of business effectiveness - risk, safety, environmental sustainability achieved, energy efficiency, and product quality and customer service, i.e. not just plant availability and costs. Downtime has always affected adversely the capability of physical assets by reducing output, increasing operating costs and lowering customer service (Moubray, 2000) It was also found that the TPM facilitator must be motivated and proactive to make best use of their meetings with management, promote TPM and implement the training received. They must also be persuasive and have the ability to coach and train people in the TPM methodology (Ireland & Dale, 2006) In order to implement a successful TPM it is important to keep a data of the problems occurred in the equipment, the down time and the solution provided (Besterfield, Michna, Besterfield & Sacre). Hence the first developed hypothesis is: H1: The successful implementation of TPM is dependent upon the availability of past data related to equipment. Increase in employee empowerment is another important factor, which contribute to the effectiveness of the total productive maintenance. The enthusiasm of employees can be improved by setting challenging targets and specifying how to achieve them. Autonomy is the core concept of empowerment, while the management retains control through information systems, choice of processes and available tools (Agyris, 1998). Hence the hypothesis develops as: H2: Higher the level of employees autonomy higher the level of success of TPM. The information and ideas are successfully exchanged through communication between persons and groups. It is important to exchange the ideas and information in a mutually understandable manner. It is important to train the employees regarding the change to be undertaken in the organization. The third hypothesis to be tested is the role of training of employees in the TPM. H3: Is it necessary to undertake TQM with TPM. Hence as mentioned below the TPM is the 5S step-by-step program: 1 - Cleaning & Restoration: Thoroughly restore & clean. Motivation through participation. 2 - Eliminate Stains, Mixed, Contamination: Study Root Causes of Dirt, Mixing, Loss, and damage and take actions. 3 - Improve Accessibility: Achieve 1 minute accessibility time for

The Code of Hammurabi Essay Example for Free

The Code of Hammurabi Essay The Code of Hammurabi is remembered more for the punishments set for each crime, and not for the crimes themselves. The â€Å"eye for an eye† rule and the plentiful crimes that may result to a death penalty may seem harsh for us nowadays, but the Code has been the basis of other subsequent laws used to govern a society. â€Å"By far the most remarkable of the Hammurabi records is his code of laws, the earliest-known example of a ruler proclaiming publicly to his people an entire body of laws, arranged in orderly groups, so that all men might read and know what was required of them. † (Fordham University ) The Code is also considered Hammurabi’s best legacy not only to his people, but to other societies as well. This is understandable because Hammurabi has ruled over the world’s oldest metropolis, Babylon. During those times, the code of law is considered â€Å"a subject for prayer†, although the dominant view is contempt for the violators of the law. (Yale Law School) The Code of Hammurabi is basically a list of rules for a community. There are negative and positive results that can be expected with the implementation of the set rules. Hammurabi, Babylon’s ruler, has formulated the laws in order to make sure that his kingdom maintains peace, order and justice. He is presented as a king who is also a wise law-giver. However, as said earlier, there are advantages and disadvantages in implementing the Code of Hammurabi. Due to the strictness and gravity of the punishments, the Code may actually create a peaceful community. Fear is instilled in the people of Babylon. The Code also aims to promote balance and over-all justice in the community: â€Å"†¦Hammurabi, the exalted prince, who feared God, to bring about the rule of righteousness in the land, to destroy the wicked and the evil-doers; so that the strong should not harm the weak; so that I should rule over the black-headed people like Shamash, and enlighten the land, to further the well-being of mankind. † (Yale Law School) I believe that the Code is well-intended. It must also have been a success because there are other set of rules that seem to follow the Code of Hammurabi. If one should peruse the Ten Commandments, some similarities can be discovered. Basically, what is considered a sin in Hammurabi’s time is still considered a sin or a violation of the law. However, the Commandments have reduced the violations that should be punishable by death. In fact, the emphasis is on what should not be done, not on what punishments should be implemented. This negative way of setting rules, like â€Å"Thou shall not kill† is its similarity to the Code of Hammurabi, except that the Code attaches the punishments to what must not be done. (Bible. Org) There are many points in the Code which talks about punishment for things that are prohibited or for things that are not proved. â€Å"If anyone brings an accusation of any crime before the elders, and does not prove what he has charged, he shall, if it be a capital offense charged, be put to death, (Yale Law School) † is an example of the laws enumerated in the Code of Hammurabi. This can be compared to the Ten Commandments’ law against bearing false witness against a neighbor. â€Å"If anyone is committing a robbery and is caught, then he shall be put to death† is an example of a punishment attached to the crime which is prohibited. In this case, the rule states that robbers should be put to death. (Yale Law School) Like the other rules, the intention is to discourage people from committing the crime. Other rules with punishments of a less serious degree attached seem to be more reminiscent of state laws rather than religious laws. Surprisingly, even within a Code which can be often harsh and unforgiving, there are also some provisions in some laws that will provide options to the one who has been wronged. For example, if the wife is caught committing adultery, the husband is given an option to forgive her. It also gives importance to fairness in trade and contracts. Persons who own properties, including slaves, must make sure that they have the proper documentation ready for cases that will question the validity of ownership. This will gauge if stealing or cheating has occurred. This is a common sense rule which prevails today. The above mentioned statements support the positive effect of the Code of Hammurabi. Nevertheless, the Code is not without its flaws. Although the fear that is instilled in the people by giving harsh penalties may reduce the crime rate in any given society, the very fear may be detrimental to the psyche of the people ruled by the law. I believe that it is not fully satisfying to command people with the weapon of fear. The Code cannot ensure the goodness of the people, only their outward behavior. Although I think that the Code of Hammurabi is well-intended, as it aims for a just and peaceful community, there are laws within it that actually violates my sense of justice. There are punishments that are too harsh for the crime that it is meant to castigate. For example, a woman who is to set up a tavern or even just to enter a tavern to have a drink will be burned to death. The Code is also not without its share of superstition. In the absence of other means to prove guilt, measures like making people swim in the river and then judging them to be guilty if they drown, seem to be superstitious and ignorant. Obviously, this manner of investigation cannot work during modern times when people train to become stronger swimmers. In life, we like to believe that we are given several chances to change our ways. Even modern prisons allow for some conversion, religious or secular they may be. Death penalties are only implemented whenever heinous crimes are encountered. However, the Code of Hammurabi seems to pride itself in preventing a person to commit the same mistake. â€Å"If a judge tries a case, reach a decision, and present his judgment in writing; if later error shall appear in his decision, and it be through his own fault, then he shall pay twelve times the fine set by him in the case, and he shall be publicly removed from the judges bench, and never again shall he sit there to render judgment†. (Yale Law School) The above example shows the finality of the Code’s decision on a person’s fate. Of course this will have its advantages as well. If the error committed has affected many lives in a serious way, like in medical malpractices of today, licenses are revoked. As a conclusion, I believe that the Code of Hammurabi is an effective set of rules formulated by a just ruler. Nevertheless, there is a need to adjust some of the penalties in order to fit today’s sense of justice. The Ten Commandments, and other religious laws, have already condensed the Code’s contents while state or government laws have versions of its secular pointers. Works Cited: Bible. Org. 20 October 2007 http://www. bible. org/page. php? page_id=146. Fordham University . 20 October 2007 http://www. fordham. edu/halsall/ancient/hamcode. html. Yale Law School. The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. 17 October 2007 http://www. yale. edu/lawweb/avalon/medieval/hamframe. htm.

Copper Essay -- essays research papers

Copper   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Copper is a mineral. it is not a plant or a animal. Copper is a metallic metal. It can never be broken down into differnet substances by normal chemical means. Copper was one of the first metals known to humans. People liked it because in it’s native condition, it could easily be beaten into weapons or tools. Copper has been one of the most useful metals for over 5000 years. Copper was probably used around 8000 B.C by people living along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. In 6000 B.C, Egyptians learned how to hammer copper into things they wanted. Around 3500 B.C, People first learned how to melt copper with tin to make bronze. So the period between 3000 B.C and 1100 B.C became known as the bronze age.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today, some of the leading states of the copper industry are Arizona with 747,000 short tons, Utah with 187,000 short tons, New Mexico with 161,000 short tons. Some other leading countries are Chile with 1,422,000 short tons, United States with 1,203,000 short tons, Soviet Union with 650,000 short tons, and Zambia with 596,000 short tons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When copper is being mined, both Native copper and copper ore are usually found. The highest grade of copper ore is pale silvery gray. Miners used to be always in danger in copper mines. Today, we have redu...

Quarry Bank Mill †questions and answers Essay

1) Why did Samuel Greg establish a cotton mill in Styal in 1784? Greg established a cotton mill rather than a silk mill or other type of factory because cotton was the material that everyone wanted. Greg was a cotton merchant so he knew of all the advances in technology that were making it easier for cotton to be spun and woven. He knew that the machines making peoples jobs easier were too big to fit in their houses as they had done in the past, so he decided that if he built a mill to house them then he could make a lot of money seeing as cotton was in demand. Greg was a cotton merchant, so he knew the area. In the summer people would be farming, and in the winter they would be spinning cotton. Greg knew that these people would want a regular job to do all year so cotton was a good industry as they were already experienced at it, and wasn’t as laborious as farming. Also, due to the invention of John Kay’s flying shuttle in 1733, the spinners were struggling to keep up, as they could not spin enough thread for the weavers. Greg knew this so he decided that is he had a lot of spinners then he would be paid lots because thread for weaving was in high demand. Greg established his mill in 1784 because this was when the patents for cotton manufacture machines ran out. In 1771 Arkwright invented the waterframe which was a spinning machine powered by water. More cotton could be made, so the price would drop which meant more people would buy cotton. However, Arkwright had a patent on this machine so it was very expensive. Greg had probably been waiting until the patent on it ran out before he built his mill. The Arkwright waterframe needed a water supply, and Styal was the perfect place for Greg to build his mill. The land on which he built his mill was hilly, so very cheap because it was too steep for farming. It cost Greg about à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2 per year to rent this land off the Earl of Stamford. The land that he bought had steep sides because it was part of a valley with a stream at the bottom. There were no factories upstream so there was nothing disturbing the waterpower, so Greg had a fast, regular supply of energy. Greg had the money to rent this land and afford to build a mill and employ workers because when he was 9 he moved to Manchester to live with his uncles who were in the cotton trade. He inherited à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10,000 from one uncle when he died, and when the other uncle retired he left Greg à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½25,000 worth of business to Greg when he was 24. Styal was also a good place to build a mill because it was near to Manchester so there was a good transport system. Cotton was transported from Egypt and India to Liverpool, and from Liverpool it was taken along the Bridgewater canal to Broadheath. It would then be taken from Broadheath by horse and cart to Styal. This transport system was good fro Greg because it made the raw cotton accessible, and it was reliable so he could always have a steady incoming supply of cotton, and he could transport his own spun cotton to cotton merchants so had a steady income. Coursework: Quarry Bank Mill 2) To what extent do the Greg’s deserve their reputation as good employers? Samuel Greg seems like a good employer, but there are cases against him, and cases which enhance his reputation as a good mill owner. The working conditions in the mill were quite loud. Sources from the mill show us that there was fine cotton in the air, which got into peoples lungs and caused lung problems for workers. Also, the cotton was highly flammable, so a tiny spark from one of the machines could start a fire. The floors and ceiling support beams were made out of wood, which was also a fire hazard. However, Greg covered the ceilings with metal panels, and had stone staircases for a fire escape where people would be safe. In the mill it was very hot and humid because cotton was stronger when it was damp. Employees couldn’t open windows because they had to keep conditions like this, so they were forced to work in a hot and damp factory. The machines were all packed tightly into the factory and there were no safety guards so it was very easy to get caught up in the machines. However, sources from the mill show that there were very rarely any deaths from people getting caught in machines, although not all cases may have been recorded for the mill to avoid a bad, dangerous reputation. In the factory it would have been loud because of all the machines, so the workers put cotton in their ears to reduce the damage, as earmuffs only became law in 1986. Despite the fact these working conditions weren’t the best to be working in, all other mills were the same and possibly worse. The hours people worked were fairly similar to the hours worked by people at other mills. However, all ages worked the same. Sources at the mill, and source A tells us that all employees worked 68 hours a week. However, Source A was written in 1834, and the factory act was passed the year before in 1833. The factory act stated that 9-13 year olds only worked a 48 hour week, but Greg was making them work the same hours as all other employees over 13. However, there was no register of births until 1837, which meant that you didn’t know how old children were, so magistrates couldn’t prove that Greg was breaking the law. Also, other factory owners were doing just the same, and breaking other laws such as the night working of children, and making them work under the age of 9, whereas Greg was obeying these rules. Also, Greg employed families, so they could all work together, and employed apprentices. In Source A, Greg states that no children under 12 were made to work, however Greg wrote this himself so he could easily have lied as no inspector came to make sure he was telling the truth. Also, there were no birth certificates so it was impossible to prove how old the children actually were so Greg could make under 12s work and get away with it. Greg did not believe in punishing his workers, due to his religion, so there was no corporal punishment inflicted on his employees. Source A proves that Greg did not enforce corporal punishments, however, Source A is a questionnaire sent to Greg to answer about his own mill. The factory commissioners did not visit the mill; they just relied on the answers to the questionnaire given to them by the factory owners. Greg could have been biased in his answers because it was his own mill so he would probably have lied to make his mill seem better. Also, question 64 asks if any complaints have been taken against him or any overseers on the punishment of employees. No answer is given to this question, which makes it seem dubious. Either Greg was guilty and did not want to lie so he gave no answer, or he was being truthful and no complaint had been alleged so he did not answer because there had been no cases. Despite these details making Greg seem a good employer, there is also the case of Esther Price. Source C says that she was put in solitary confinement in a ‘dungeon’ with ‘windows darkened by boards being nailed up against them on the inside’. Price was supposed to have been in this room for 5 days without light, fire or a bed. However it is said that she escaped after finding out a dead body was in the room next to her and she was so terrified she managed to escape. This story seems a bit extreme, and is probably biased because it was written by John Doherty, who was campaigning for less working hours for mill employees, so he would be extremely critical and would probably exaggerate the details. We do not know how old Esther Price was, or whether she was a typical worker, or an exception. Also, if she had skipped work, why didn’t they just shave her head like they did to punish other girls, or just make her work through her break times to make up for the work lost. She was supposed to have been kept in a ‘dungeon’ but we do not know how big this room was, or whether it really was a dungeon. If Greg was not big on punishments, then why have a ‘dungeon’ specifically for solitary confinement, and if the boards keeping out the light were nailed on the inside, then why couldn’t the prisoner just pull them off? Greg was well known for being a good employer and running a good mill, so Doherty probably chose him to pick on to damage his reputation. Also, Esther stayed on at the mill after she was 21 and was allowed to leave the apprentice house, so her experience couldn’t have been that bad otherwise she would have left and got another job somewhere else. Sources at the mill tell us that the wages Greg’s workers received were less than in other mills, but the conditions were better, and better housing was provided. Greg built a village near to the mill for his workers to live in. The rent for these houses was less than in other places, and the houses themselves were better than in other places. Greg built two-up-two-down houses, which had more room and were better than the back-to-back houses built in other cities because instead of having a family or more in each room, you had a family in each half of the room so it was more hygienic. There were outside toilets for each of these houses in the small yard at the back, and there were allotments so workers could grow their own food and spend their money on other things. In this village, there was also a bakers, a few shops and a church for workers. In the apprentice house, apprentices were given a healthy diet, and were fed twice every day, which was extremely good as in other workplaces they would sometimes not receive any food in one day. Workers in the mill had a breakfast time before they started work; they stopped for lunch and then could have their own evening meal when they got home. Source B states that apprentices had every day, which would have been quite expensive. On the other hand, this source was written by Andrew Ure who was convinced that factories were a good way to keep children happy and employed. He was writing to argue that factories were good so would probably be biased. Sources at the mill show there was a doctor that regularly visited the apprentice house. Healthcare was not a necessity, so Greg was ahead of the future laws be making sure his apprentices were in good health and were cared for when sick. Greg made sure that the apprentices attended school regularly and they were taught how to read, write and some maths. This was probably for his own benefit because if his employees could read then they could read signs put up about hour or wage changes, or could go on to work sorting out the mills finances or something that required more than just a person with thin nimble fingers. In the workers village there was a church, and workers and apprentices attended the church regularly. Despite the cases against him, Greg appears to be a good employer. He was keeping almost all his working conditions within the law, and the factory conditions were no worse than other factories. He was educating his apprentices which was giving them a chance of a good future, and was sending them to church which wasn’t necessary but he wanted them to go anyway. He employed a doctor which wasn’t a requirement, so he wanted to keep his apprentices in good health. He also did not enforce physical punishments, and there were hardly any deaths. He provided them with cheap rent for good houses. I think that Greg was a good employer, but he did have an ulterior motive, which was money. By educating his apprentices they could do other jobs for him, which brought in more money than working machines. He may have built a mill purely because he was concerned about the families going out of business because of the new machines, or he would rather they worked in a factory with better conditions like his, or he built the mill because he wanted to make money, and he could make enough to afford to keep his workers happy.

Prostate Cancer in African American Men Essay

Cancer has always been one of the most dreaded diseases of humans. This incurable disease has broken the hearts and spirits of many, and has continuously left an indelible mark in its patients’ lives. One of the cancer types associated with men is prostate cancer. The National Cancer Institute website defined prostate cancer as the type of cancer occurring in the male reproductive system, more specifically in the prostate tissues. This type of cancer is normally triggered in older men (n.d.).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition to this, the disease also reiterates that genetically mutated cells, known as cancer cells, are present in the prostate. The Prostate Disease website also added that tumors are formed, spreading to the different areas in the body. The spread of the said cells causes permanent damage to the normal functions to the different organs (2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aside from the fact that cancer is genetically transmitted, the underlying causes of prostate cancer are still undecipherable. The profile of an individual candidate for prostate cancer is usually taken into consideration. Since males are the only ones with prostates, the women are fortunately exempted from acquiring this disease. Race is another factor affected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Intercultural Cancer Council website stated that Prostate Cancer affects 37% of African American men (Baylor College of Medicine, 2007). It was also stated that the percentage rate of men afflicted with prostate cancer is relatively higher in Europe and in North America, as compared to Asia, Africa, and South America. Diet is one of the most unrecognizable causes of prostate cancer. Eating of food rich in carcinogens can increase the cancer rate in the body.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to the National Prostate Coalition website, African American males are afflicted by Prostate Cancer far more than the other types of cancer. In an estimation made by the same website, there were 4,240 prostate cancer deaths in 2007. The chances of genetically acquiring the disease are very big for African Americans. For a close relative afflicted with the disease, the individual has a one out of three chance of acquiring the cancer. For those who have two relatives afflicted with prostate cancer, the chances increase, with an 83% possibility. Worse, if there were three or more members afflicted, the possible acquisition of the disease is 97% (NPCC, 2007). Quite disappointing, but true.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The early stages of prostate cancer inhibit the patient from experiencing and seeing the symptoms. This is primarily due to the fact that these symptoms may also be caused by the presence of other diseases. Such symptoms may include frequent urination, urinary incontinence, presence of blood in the semen and in urine, erection difficulties, and agonizing ejaculation. Presence of at least two of the above mentioned should be enough basis for the patient to consult an oncologist or urologist at the soonest possible time (Marks, 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Biopsy is one of the most reliable tests done in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. With the presence of a Urologist, a tissue sample is harvested from the patient using a needle. The sample is then forwarded to the Pathologist for extensive examination that could lead to the possible detection of prostate cancer. Several other tests are also performed after biopsy that act as the other opinions in proving the presence of cancer cells. Some of the tests include   a CT scan, bone scan, and an MRI (Strum, Pogliano, 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With the rampant upgrades in technology, several treatment methods have been available for prostate cancer. According to the website of the American Academy of Family Physicians, the tumor spread of prostate cancer plays an important role in the type of treatment used (2008). The most common treatments used were Radical Prostatectomy, Radiation Therapy, Cyrotherapy, and Active Surveillance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the used surgeries is Radical Prostatectomy. This process focuses on the extraction of the prostate gland and the nearby tissues from the body. This surgery requires the patient to undergo a general anesthesia, so as to avoid the unbearable pain that can be felt during surgery. As replacement, a catheter is placed through the penis so that urination may be facilitated while the wounds are healing (Blasko, Grim, Sylvester, 2003) .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Undergoing Prostatectomy is one of the most certain treatments for prostate cancer. The removal of the prostate and its nearby tissues inhibits the spread of the cancer cells to the other parts of the body. This also gives the doctor firsthand information of the results, giving them enough evidence as to whether the cancer will spread or not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Radiation Therapy on the other hand, does not involve any surgery. Instead, the procedure makes use of x-rays whose energy is high enough to kill cancer cells. For this specific disease, two types can be used. These are the External beam and the Internal. The External beam uses a machine that beams radiation from the outside of the body. The target of the beam is the prostate, making sure that radiation is exposed on the pelvis and in the prostate. The side effects for this treatment include diarrhea, rectal irritation, bleeding and painful urination. Sometimes, this therapy may also cause impotence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Internal radiation therapy, as compared to the external beam, emits radiation seeds that were implanted on the prostate. These seeds are powerful enough to kill cancer cells, but may be very painful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cryotherapy, according to the Prostate Cancer Institute website, is one of the newest therapies discovered in the 1990’s. The treatment utilizes the freezing of the prostate gland, destroying the whole organ, including the cancer cells that may be incorporated in the process. The process requires the patient to undergo general anesthesia, and is over in about two hours. The side effects experienced by the patient are usually treated after a few weeks. These may include urinary incontinence, pains in the pelvis, and swelling in the scrotum (2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Active surveillance, on the other hand, is yet the most simple among all treatments. The patient does not undergo a specific treatment, and instead is in close communication with the physician. This process includes regular tests and exams that monitor the health of the patients (2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Having to bear the pain of prostate cancer and the thought of actually dealing with the disease is heartbreaking for anyone. The best thing to avoid such heartbreaks is to try and avoid contacting the disease. According to the WebMD website, the consumption of food rich in fiber can be very beneficial in the prevention of the disease. These include the consumption of tomatoes, vegetables, and soy products. In addition to this, researches are being conducted in finding the correct preventive measures of prostate cancer. Some of these researches include the fact that the administration of a Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) helps in the protection of men from having prostate cancer. Another is the fact that drinking red wine also helps in the prevention of prostate cancer (July 24, 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Regardless of what the effects of prostate cancer are, what is important is the fact that people, cannot avoid such disease. May they be Caucasians, Asians, or even African Americans; no one is exempted from having such. We all just have to take good care of our bodies, and of our lives. References (24 July 2006). Prostate cancer health center: Prostate Cancer-Prevention. Retrieved March 20,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2008 from http://www.webmd.com/prostate-cancer/tc/prostate-cancer-prevention.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   American Academy of Family Physicians. (2008). Prostate Cancer Treatment Options.   Ã‚   Retrieved March 20, 2008 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/cancer/treatment/264.html Intercultural Cancer Council. (2007). African Americans & Cancer. Retrieved March 20,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2008 from http://iccnetwork.org/cancerfacts/cfs1.htm Strum, S.B., & Pogliano, D.L. (2005). A primer on prostate cancer: The empowered patient’s   Ã‚  Ã‚   guide. Life Extension Media. National Cancer Institute. (n.d.). Prostate Cancer. Retrieved March 20, 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/prostate Marks, Sheldon. (2003). Prostate and cancer: A family guide to diagnosis, treatment and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   survival. Perseus Books Group. Grimm, P., Blasko, J., Sylvester, J. (2003). The prostate cancer treatment book.   Contemporary    Books. Prostate Disease. (2006). Prostate Cancer. Retrieved March 20, 2008 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.prostatedisease.org/prostate_cancer/default.aspx Prostate Disease. (2006). Prostate Cancer- Causes and Risk Factors. Retrieved March 20,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2008 from http://www.prostatedisease.org/prostate_cancer/risk_factors.aspx Prostate Cancer Institute. (2006). Cryotherapy for Prostate Cancer. Retrieved March 20, 2008    from  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.prostate-cancer-institute.org/prostate-cancer–  Ã‚  Ã‚   treatment/cryosurgery.html

Top 7 Affordable Universities around the World to Study Management

Top 7 Affordable Universities around the World to Study Management Top 7 Affordable Universities around the World to Study Management A management degree will help you in almost any career, and almost any part of the world too. You will learn how to manage a group of employees and bring out the best of them. And who wouldn’t want to do that? But you don’t want to waste all your future income on expensive student loan debt or find yourself chronically broke during your years as a student. You need a degree program that’s excellent but also affordable. Here are our picks for the top 10 most affordable universities in the world to study management. Colorado State University-Global Campus. The Bachelor’s in Science in Business Management, consisting of 11 courses and 120 credit hours, can be earned entirely online. Choose a concentration in business administration, finance, marketing, or project management. Tuition is $8400 a year. The University of Dundee. The innovative Business Management BSc program at Dundee boasts courses taught by experts in the field and hands-on practice at financial institutions. They encourage the study of areas that are becoming increasingly important in today’s world, such as Human Rights Management and Managing Change. Students in the UK will pay  £9,250 per year for three years of a four-year degree. For all others, costs vary. Northeastern University. Another great online program, the Bachelor’s in Business Management at Northeastern University is certified by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. You can even achieve your degree in just 18 months, using their â€Å"Fast Track† option. Undergraduate tuition is from $796 to $1,518 per year. Indian River State College. This college offers its Bachelor of Applied Science in Organizational Management completely online. A low student-faculty ratio means you can be assured of getting all the attention and extra help you need, despite the online format. It has also been ranked 4th of the most affordable colleges in the US. Tuition is $2,764 per year for in-state and $10,201 for out-of-state students. The University of Bath. Bath’s School of Management ranks first for Marketing and second for Business and Management Studies in the UK. It is also renowned for its marketing research. In addition, it is among only 1% of schools in the world to be accredited by EQUIS, the quality improvement system run by the European Foundation for Management Development. Fees are  £15,200 for the arts and  £19,000 for laboratory subjects. The University of Alabama at Birmingham. The school’s online Bachelor of Science in Management from the Collat School of Business allows you to concentrate in Operations Management, Leadership, or Business and Society (to name just a few). Tuition varies from $793 to $938. Thomas Edison State College. This program is perfect for you if you need to continue working while earning your management degree. It prides itself on flexibility and on rigorous, high-quality curriculum. Students choose an area of study that reflects the field they want to enter; the list is extensive, including Accounting, Human Resources, Operations Management, and many others. Tuition is $8395. With any of these universities, you will gain the skills and knowledge you need to succeed in the management career without breaking the bank. Our company offers reliable Management essay writing service for university students all over the world.

6 Ways to Create a Productive Study Environment

6 Ways to Create a Productive Study Environment 6 Ways to Create a Productive Study Environment Whether you’re studying for a test or writing an assignment, working effectively depends heavily on your surroundings. As such, it’s critical that you have a good study environment. Luckily, we have six top tips for what makes the perfect place to study. All you need to do is keep the following considerations in mind†¦ 1. Location, Location, Location! Where you go to work makes a big difference to your productivity. If you’re studying at home, the key will be finding somewhere away from distractions and disturbances. If you don’t want to study at home, however, or if your party-hard housemates make working from home a little challenging, you have plenty of alternative options, including libraries and coffee shops. 2. Tidy Desk, Tidy Mind This doesn’t work for everyone (some people thrive on chaos), but generally you’ll find yourself more productive if your study environment is tidy and organized. This is partly because keeping your workspace tidy makes it easier to find books, notes or anything else you need when you need it. But it’s also because not being surrounded by piles of clutter and discarded coffee cups can make it easier to focus on the task at hand! Theres probably a desk under there somewhere. [Image: Ali West/flickr] 3. Eliminate Distractions You’re unlikely to get much done if you’re checking Twitter every thirty seconds. If this sounds familiar, you might want to install software on your computer/phone to temporarily block any websites or apps that you find distracting. The same applies to TV, friends, partners and anything else that stops you paying attention to your work: If it’s distracting, make sure it isn’t part of your study environment! 4. Background Music Many people find a bit of background music good for concentration. Instrumental music is the best option here, as songs with lyrics can become distracting. Note, however, that wearing headphones while revising has been found to make it harder to recall what you’ve read. So although you might think that wearing headphones is a good way to block out noise when studying at a coffee shop, it might also interfere with your learning! It definitely helps if you open your eyes, too. 5. Comfort is Key! Temperature, lighting and comfort all make a big difference if you’re settling in for a prolonged study session. Make sure your environment is cool, well-lit and comfortable enough that you won’t become restless after a few minutes working. Taking regular breaks is also helpful. You can also be too comfortable, though, so studying in bed is probably not a great idea. 6. Be Prepared†¦ Ultimately, the most important thing when creating a study environment is to be prepared! This means having everything you need to hand when you start, including books, notes, pens and pencils, a drink, snacks and any other study resources you find helpful to have around.

Society & Bullshit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Society & Bullshit - Essay Example As bullshit does not reject the authority of truth, it has a power to pose as truth thus captivating the society. In this manner, it is a bigger enemy of the society than lie (Noah, 2005). A democratic and civilized society being aware of its basic right of truth and justice expects its country’s political disclosure to be based on them. It is important for the political discourse of the country to rely on truth so that the citizens are correctly aware of every situation concerned with their country. Lying, misrepresenting and bullshitting the nation will not only misguide it but would also hinder the society’s growth (McCormack, 2005). In the recent years, the U.S political discourse has become all about misrepresentation, falsifying the truth and lying. The dealings of recent governments depict that there is no place for truth in today’s political culture. President Bush era is a real and proven example of government lies and misrepresentation to the public. His lies and deceits have increased public mistrust in the government. It looks as if today’s political discourse is least concerned with truth seeking and providing it to the public (Arendt, 2009). One of the most famous examples of bullshit in the recent history of U.S political discourse is of President Bush State of the Union address in 2003. Financial Times reported this that the famous war justifying 16 words in the President’s address ("The British government has learned that Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa")  (Noah, 2005) were bullshit. Use of word â€Å"learned† rather than â€Å"concluded† signifies these words as bullshit. Although these words might be true, but they were bullshit as at the time of making this statement the president and his staff did not have evidence to support their claim, so they were bullshitting (Noah, 2005). These 16

Border security issues (week 6) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Border security issues (week 6) - Essay Example There is a systemic technique of impunity at the state and local levels where the anti-press crimes are under investigation (Lauria, O’Connor, Campbell & Barbeito, 2010). The report by Lauria, O’Connor, Campbell and Barbeito (2010), shows that the US-Mexico border is not only unsafe for journalists, but for citizens. The special report found out that the police and justice system do not uphold the law in cases concerning crimes by cartels. Mexico’s current President Enrique Peà ±a Nieto, continues use of the military to combat drug lords’ activities, which is not the best method to eliminate threats made to journalists from drug cartels. Politicians from United Stated and Mexico can take several measures to fix the broken immigration systems. It is still possible, even when a vacuum of truth exists since some of the officials in both governments may know those who operate the drug cartels. The problem is that there is no transparency if it is only one government that deals with a broken immigration system. However, if the two governments increased their collaboration between each other to curtail border insecurity against the cartels they would fix the immigration system easily. Nevertheless, these calculated measures would be useless if the general population is not involved. Drug cartels operate successfully when both sides are not in good terms because if there are legal consequences in one state, the drug lords cross the border to the other state and continue with their criminal activities. Therefore, if politicians from both states would collaborate on drug policy implementation and other viable strategies, it would be easier to fix the broken immigration system. Meyer, M. (2013). Mexico’s new military police force: the continued militarization of public security in Mexico. The Washington Office on Latin America,