Critical Review Stephen Kinzer - 2267 Words

Critical Review Overall, Stephen Kinzer presents a very convincing argument full of accurate and well-articulated points, yet he fails to support his argument fully and draws loose conjectures as fact, ignoring the rich cultural and historic tradition of the Middle East and Iran. One of the most enjoyable aspects of the book is Kinzer’s ability to present an argument void of clear one-sided bias. Although Kinzer does present Mossadegh as a sympathetic savior of sorts, describing him as courageous and righteous, Kinzer does not present a pro-US argument that would affect the overall presentation of the facts of the book, nor does his recollection of Mossadegh inhibit the facts surrounding the coup. In his work, Kinzer describes†¦show more content†¦His reconstruction of the story of the coup that changed Iran is also quite effective. Although it loses some academic merit, Kinzer is able to relay the day-to-day events simplistically, building an enthralling, quasi-cinematic retelling of the story. He exemplifies his journalistic background by drawing upon many sources to construct his story. His research supports his narrative well and it creates an interesting read about the first country subjugated to the American manipulation of their gov ernment in order to ascertain American goals. This addition to the conversation about Iran is important, as a historic event that was lost for a period. As aforementioned, the United States did not even take credit for the coup until the turn of the century, making Kinzer’s narrative more influential on the study of this event. Combined with his ability to discuss the events effortlessly, this book could have easily become a standard read on the subject matter, if it were not to have made errors later in the argument. Take, for example, the very beginning of his work, â€Å"Most of Tehran was asleep when an odd caravan set out through the darkness [†¦] A crescent moon shone above. It was a fine night to overthrow a government .† This imagery is atypical for academic works, lending itself to a fictional narrative style, but

Research - 1407 Words

Barron, Hassiotis, and Banes (2002) also searched different databases, case studies, and clinical trials to evaluate the best treatment methods for sex offenders with intellectual disability. In their research it was determined that the criminal justice system ineffectively identified intellectual disability, therefore they had received ineffective services and/or treatment methods. They also found that eight percent of those in police custody had similar symptoms to that of intellectual disability. They declared that structured treatment methods and patient follow-up plans were effective because of the ability to manage offenders. Some of the treatment plans also included sex education as well as social skills training. The education can†¦show more content†¦Scvhmucker and Losel (2015) also conducted a study to find the best treatment for sexual offenders. They did a comprehensive study of around 3,000 published, unpublished, materials and used a random model. They examined the main effects of various treatments. This information revealed that cognitive behavioral treatment methods were efficient. The documents revealed that 10.1 percent of treated offenders who would re-offend and untreated offender’s recidivism level would go as high as 13.7 percent. It was concluded that cognitive behavioral treatment played a major role in reducing the recidivism rate in sexual offenders. However, the study did not focus on sex offenders who had intellectual disabilities. Heaton and Murphy (2013) did a follow-up on 34 men with sexually abusive tendencies diagnosed with an intellectual disability and had attended a cognitive-behavioral treatment program. They found that cognitive behavioral treatment had long-term positive effects on sexual offenders who had intellectual disabilities. They found that they sustained changes about cognitive distortions and decreased recidivism. They also showed higher victim empathy and improved sexual attitudes. 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Data collection is essential whether the method of choice is a mailRead MoreResearch Methodology For The Research1255 Words   |  6 PagesCHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Introduction In doing the research, the methodology must be appropriate so that the analysis findings could reach the objective. Research methodology proposed one procedure in order way to be follow to answer all the questions in the research that want to be made. Quoted by Denzin and Lincoln (1994), methodology is a process that related with research objective and data. In the others word, it is early research planning that include the research scope, data collectionRead MoreResearch Methods And Methods Of Research975 Words   |  4 PagesStudying research method was not a new experience since I have studied about it in my under graduate school. 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The researcherRead MoreImplications Of Research On Research1872 Words   |  8 PagesImplications of research Authenticity; this is research carried out which aims to include new knowledge and understanding, produce new data or interpret knowledge which was already used in a new form. The researcher is required and must not alter observations made, questionnaires, interviews and focus groups done. The research must be carried out with integrity. However researchers may end up changing data as they may be pressurised or they need to be a deadline. (Srmo.sagepub.com, 2015).For exampleRead MoreResearch Questions On Research And Research Essay918 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Basics 1. Explain in order from 1 to 6 the steps in the process of research. 1. Identify the Research Problem – Specify a problem; justify a problem and suggest a need to study the problem for audiences (Creswell). 2. Review the literature- Locate resources, i.e.; books, journals, electronic resources; select resources-determine the relevant resources for the topic; organize; Summarize the resources in a literature review (Creswell). 3. Specify a Research Purpose – Identify the purpose statement-theRead MoreResearch Design For Criminological Research931 Words   |  4 PagesCritically assess the use of ‘triangulation’ in research design for criminological studies. There has been an emergence in the use of triangulation in criminological research, in a bid to combine two methods to ensure the validity of the research. As a result, the use of triangulation is recommended as good practice for any criminological research (Maruna 2009); as no single method can produce a comprehensive account of the study under research (Bryman 1988). In spite of its reported success, theRead MoreA Research Study On Experimental Research892 Words   |  4 PagesExperimental research is sometimes done with risk of harming the subjects under study. In a research study, participants could be physically and emotionally harmed. As nurses, we are advocates for our patients. Therefore, our goal is to protect them from any harm and discomfort when they participate in experimental treatment. Many dilemmas arise when trying to determine the level where an experimental treatment becomes harmful. In the past, researchers conducted unethical experiments without theRead MoreEval uation Of A Research And Qualitative Research852 Words   |  4 Pagesof a Research Designed Process and how researchers use this process. A research process is an iterative process which is complex, is always back and forth when it comes to a process, this process never ends. This process goes two ways there is a Quantitative research and a Qualitative Research. The first way that I will talk about will be the Quantitative Research. The way that Literature is defined in the research process is as an assessment of a body of research that addresses a research questionRead MoreA Research Paper On The Quality Research906 Words   |  4 PagesThe reason this book is being reviewed is because this was one of our textbook for our book review. This book was for our class to understand how to write a research paper in higher standard. The Quality Research Papers is written by Nancy Vyhmeister has forty-five years of experience in teaching future pastors and professors throughout the world. She continues to have a global ministry in her retirement years, mostly teaching and writing. She also has authored several books, both in Spanish and

Dr. Jekyll And Mr Hyde (2365 words) Essay Example For Students

Dr. Jekyll And Mr Hyde (2365 words) Essay Dr. Jekyll and Mr HydeChapter 1The story begins with a description of Mr. Utterson, a lawyer inLondon. Mr. Utterson is a reserved, conservative man who does notreveal his true, vibrant personality. He tolerates the strangenessand faults of other. Early in his life, he watched as his brotherfell to ruin, and it is noted that he is often the lastrespectable person that men who are turning to evil or ruin haveto talk to. This foreshadows Uttersons involvement with upcomingevil. Mr. Utterson is friends with Richard Enfield, although the two aretotally different from one another. They always took walks witheach other on Sundays no matter what else they might have to do. As they walk down a lane on Sunday that would usually be crowdedwith merchants and children during the week, Enfield points out anold building without many windows, and only a basement door. Enfield tells a story of how, one night at about 3:00 am, he saw astrange, deformed man round the corner and bump into a young girl. The strange man did not stop but simply walked right over theyoung girl, who cried out in terror. Enfield rushed over andattended the girl along with her family. Still, the strange mancarried on, so Enfield chased him down and urged him back. Adoctor was called and Enfield and the doctor felt an odd hatred ofthe man, warning the man that they would discredit him in everyway possible unless he compensated the girl. The strange managreed to offer 100 British pounds. Enfield notes that the man is like Satan in the way he seemsemotionally cold to the situation. The strange man presented acheque signed by an important person, which they together cashedthe next morning. Enfield states that he refers to the building asBlack Mail House. Utterson asks Enfield if he ever asked who livedin the building, but Enfield explains that he doesnt askquestions about strange things:the more it looks like Queer Street, the less I ask.The building appears lived in, and the two men carry on theirwalk. Enfield continues that the strange man he saw that nightlooked deformed, though he could explain how. Utterson assuresEnfield that his story has caught his interest. The two agreenever to talk about the story again. Chapter 2The same evening, Utterson came home. Instead of reading untilsleep at midnight, he poured over the will of his friend HenryJekyll, a doctor and very educated man. The will stated thatJekylls possessions and position should be handed over to Mr. Hyde, a friend that Utterson had never heard nor met. Uttersonwent to the house of Dr. Lanyon, an old school and college friendof Uttersons and Jekylls, and asked him about Hyde, but Lanyonhad never heard of him. Lanyon uses several evil references whentalking about Jekyll, such as devilish, and gone wrong,foreboding evil relations between Jekyll and Hyde. Utterson knowssomething is wrong between the two. Utterson cant sleep for therest of the night. Utterson considers how the strange man Enfield spoke of couldtrample a child and care nothing for it. Utterson staked out thedoor of the strange building looking for the strange man, whom healso believed was Mr. Hyde. One night, he found him. He confrontshim as he is about to go inside the strange door, and finds thestrange man is indeed Mr. Hyde. Hyde is unpleasant, cool, defiant,and confident. Utterson convinces Hyde to show his face, and Hydesuggests Utterson should know his address, implying that he knowsof Jekylls will. Utterson refers to Hyde to himself astroglodytic, meaning a primitive human being, detestable andunpleasant. Utterson decides to try and visit Jekyll at the latehour. At Jekylls home, he learns from the servants that Hyde never eastdinner at Jekylls house, but is always there in the laboratory,with his own key. The servants rarely see him, but they haveorders to obey him. Utterson leaves, and reflects upon his ownlife, what evil deeds he may be guilty of, and what bad things hisfriend Jekyll may have done in his life. He decides that this Hydemust be gravely evil, far worse than anything Jekyll may have everdone. Utterson decides to try and discover what evil things Hydehas done and may be doing, but fears that his friend Jekyll willobject. To finish, Utterson again considers the strange will ofJekyll, specifically that it he disappears for longer than threemonths, that his estate should be turned over to Hyde. Uttersonfears that Hyde might kill Jekyll for the will. Chapter 3Dr. Jekyll has a dinner party and Utterson attends. Utterson is awell liked and respected man, by Jekyll as well as anyone. Utterson stays behind after the party, and talks with Jekyll aboutthe will. Jekyll tries at first to politely and jovially avoid thetopic towards his scientific rivalry with Dr. Lanyon, but Uttersoninsists. Utterson explains that he thinks the will is a bad idea,and Jekyll wishes to stop talking about it. Jekyll states that heis in a unique situation that cant be fixed through talking, butUtterson promises that he can be trusted to help in confidence. 8th grade Universe s house. Asthey strolled by Jekylls house, they saw him in a window. Utterson urges him to come for a walk, but Jekyll refuses. Theyagree to talk while Jekyll sits at the window. Suddenly, a look ofterror comes over Jekylls face, and the window blind is shut infront of him, hiding him from the sight of Utterson and Enfield. Frightened, the two men look at each other. God forgive us!cries out Utterson, and the two men walk on. Chapter 8Poole comes to Uttersons house in a panic, saying that Jekyll islocked up in his room again. Poole fears that Jekyll has beenmurdered and that the killer is still in his room, pacing back andforth and moaning and crying out. Utterson agrees to go toJekylls house with Poole. When they arrive, they find all thehouse servants crowded around the fireplace in fear of what goesup in Jekylls room. Poole tells Utterson that he wants him tohear what is going on in Jekylls room. They proceed, and Poolecalls out to his master, saying that Utterson is there to visit. Avoice answers that is certainly Jekyll, pleading for Utterson toleave him alone. Poole reports that the person in the room tosses out papers withorders for chemicals from every company in London, but with everydelivery, Jekyll/Hyde refuses them and sends them back claimingthey are not pure. They examine the notes, and find that thewriting is Jekylls, but with a strange slant like Hydes. Poole mentions that he saw the person in the room at one point,but it looked likeHyde, not JekyllPoole and Utterson decide to break down the door and find out whathas happened in Jekylls room, using an axe. They post two otherservants near the door to prevent Jekyll/Hyde from escaping shouldhe get past Utterson and Poole. Utterson and Poole consider thatthey face some danger in doing this. While they wait for the otherservants to get into position, they sit in the old surgerytheatre, where Poole describes how Jekyll/Hyde paces back andforth across the floor and sometimes cries out. After the servantsare ready, Utterson warns Jekyll that he is coming in, and thevoice begs him not to. They burst in and find Hyde twitching and dying on the floor. Theylook around and find various articles, but no sign of Jekyllsbody. They find chemicals, a book, a cheval-glass, and a strangedrug. They search the house, and still do not find the body. Utterson finds Jekylls latest will and learns that it leaves hisestate to Utterson, not Hyde. Utterson finds this strange becauseHyde was in the room and cold have destroyed this will in favor ofthe one that names him the recipient of the will. Utterson finds anote written in Jekylls handwriting, and is afraid to read it. In it Jekyll says that he has disappeared, that Utterson shouldread the letter Lanyon sent, and also Jekylls own confessionwhich is included with this note. Utterson returns to his officewhere he will read the two important documents. Chapter 9 Lanyons NarrativeOn January 9th, Lanyon receives a letter from Jekyll. It tellsLanyon that this is a matter of life and death. Lanyon is to go toJekylls house, and The door of my cabinet is then to be forced;and you are to go in alone; to open the glazed press (letter E) onthe left hand, breaking the lock if it be shut; and to draw out,with all its contents as the stand, the fourth drawer from the topor (which is the same thing) the third from the bottom. This isto get Jekylls drug. Then, Lanyon is to return to his own homesconsulting room, and wait for a visitor at midnight from Jekyll. Lanyon does this and finds the drug that Jekyll must have madebecause it is not as neatly done as a chemist would do. He returnsto his home and waits for the visitor, keeping a gun with him(revolver) should he need to defend himself. At midnight, Hyde shows up, and is very excited to get the drug,almost crazy, but he stays calm enough. Once Lanyon gives it tohim, a scary smile comes over Hydes face. He tells Lanyon thatLanyon was a fool, and that he would now see proof oftranscendental medicine. He drinks the drug and changes intoJekyll in a terrifying way that haunts Lanyon for the rest of hisfew days until he dies. Lanyon ends his letter by saying that hecannot tell what Jekyll told him because it is too terrible, otherthan that Jekyll and Hyde are the same person.

Life and Death in Viginia Woolf free essay sample

In order to find answers to this, her ultimate question, we must search through her recurring themes to interpret our own vision of Woolfs views on the main aspects of life as we know it. This paper will demonstrate how Woolf explored the meaning of life and death within the inner thoughts and relationships of her characters and how she used ambiguous characters to demonstrate the need for a balance in ones relationship with the self and with others in order to truly find happiness in life. In Mrs. Dalloway, the issue of life and death in cooperation with the characters emotional and mental inner-workings is a prominent theme. Woolf addresses the meaning of life and how one should live theirs, as well as how one should not. Woolf balances the importance of individual self and the dissemination of that individuals self among others within a cast of interconnected characters. We will write a custom essay sample on Life and Death in Viginia Woolf or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The question of life and death is repeatedly explored through Clarissa, Peter, and Septimus- often in a more connected way that one might notice during a first reading. In â€Å"Walking the Web in the Lost London of Mrs. Dalloway†, Andelys Wood suggests that â€Å"The challenge to readers is that the reality ime in the mind and time on the clock, the experiences of the writer, characters, and readers, all are connected by the novels web† (19). In the novels opening Clarissa is walking through town to buy flowers for her party. She puzzles over the meaning of our own being and the sure inevitability of death while juxtaposing these ideas with her own superficial worries about her stately dinner engagement. Her fusing of the two ideas into one inner conversation becomes the proposed hypothesis throughout the rest of the work, the inner-connectedness of all people. In chapter one, Woolf writes, â€Å"somehow in the streets of London, on the ebb and flow of things, here, there, she survived, Peter survived, lived in each other, she being part, she was positive, of the trees at home; of the house there, ugly, rambling all to bits and pieces as it was; part of people she had never met; being laid out like a mist between the people she knew best, who lifted her on their branches as she had seen the trees lift the mist, but it spread ever so far, her life, herself† (9). This statement, this idea of being constantly a part in others lives while holding onto some sense of autonomy, becomes the proposition on which Woolfs philosophy on the meaning of life and death begins. The emphasis of being in tune with others while imposing the importance of the individual self is shown foremost through Woolfs heroine, Clarissa Dalloway. It is made clear through her character the importance of the privacy of emotions; however, Clarissa also explores the healthy balance of this privacy in conjunction with the societal norms her characters are subjected to. Woolf imagines Clarissa Dalloway as a middle-aged woman who is outwardly very happy with her choice to have married Richard Dalloway, a conservative government official and an obvious manifestation of the era’s constrictive conservative government. Clarissa is dependent on Richard, both emotionally and financially. In â€Å"Nature and the Nation in Mrs. Dalloway†, Melissa Bagley notices that â€Å"Many of her characters employ metaphors that equate women with that which is delicate, depicting the woman described as necessarily dependent† (38). Clarissa is the perfect opposite of this notion. While Clarissa seems to be the perfect and sedate housewife, she remains independent in her own spirit and mind. Woolf explains this in chapter one, when she writes that For in marriage a little license, a little independence there must be between people living together day in day out in the same house; which Richard gave her, and she him (8). This isolation of self is then starkly compared to the comic character of Peter Walsh who, in adoring Clarissa so fervently and interfering with her intimate relations to Sally Seton, left no possibility for her private self. Woolf demonstrates this when she says that â€Å"But with Peter everything had to be shared; everything gone into (8). This fluidity of thought between Clarissa and Peter is shown at varying points throughout the novel, however, Clarissa maintains that while it may be the direct and ever present communication of feeling, even romantic love, it is not a positive condition and even reflects on its detrimental quality to herself and Peters lives by saying, â€Å"And it was intolerable, and when it came to that scene in the little garden by the fountain, she had to break him or they would have been destroyed, both of them ruined† (8). A similar idea is shown through Clarissas love for Sally Seton in which Clarissa experiences both intense emotion and the necessary privacy to express this emotion through the upsetting scene in the garden with Sally and Peter. Clarissas life is structured not only by her tendency to love intensely passionate and overly-communicative people, but also in her reserve for articulating her tendency, as seen through her marriage to Richard Dalloway and her resultant social status. Septimus Warren Smith, a WWI veteran suffering from PTSD who is often viewed by critics as Clarissas correlate in the novel, is someone who realizes his emotional feeling as well but refuses to conform to the patriarchal societies’ norms to an extreme degree. His private emotion is brought to the reader and to the world when he talks to his dead comrades or revels in the beauty of seemingly mundane events. He is decidedly too defiant to societal norms and is oppressed by members of the establishment. His eventual suicide reveals that he is willing to â€Å"take the plunge† and spurns the counterpart lift of emotions connected with the integration and compromise of self for society (3). On the other hand, Clarissa engages in both spectrums of emotion- â€Å"What a lark! What a plunge! † (3). His suppressed emotions were eventually laid out to the public by his plunge into the unknown world of death, wherein Septimus can become part of the entire world with which he has lost contact. In â€Å"The Terror and the Ecstasy: The Textual Politics of Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway† Patricia Matson hypothesizes that Woolf uses the character of Septimus Smith to represent â€Å"the crushing of the human spirit as a consequence of dogmatic patriarchal authority† (Matson 174). His refusal to repress his fears and regrets about war and suffering is a source of social embarrassment and further separates him from the realm of society, connecting him to the individual portion of the spectrum. Matson insists that the character Sir William Bradshaw, the stereotypical psychologist who is convinced that he holds the key to Septimus recovery, is the ultimate representative of this establishment, a self-serving and oppressive authority. Matson suggests that â€Å"Woolf shows us that his notions of an acceptable social impulse are discursive fabrications that keep at bay whatever threatens to disrupt the order that serves him so well† (74). Sir William, described in an extremely boring and unassuming manner, is the extreme of domination and power; he has established his own reputation for himself through routine and regularity. He responds to Septimus illness by effectively prescribing him to the â€Å"rest cure†, which we now know pushed many people over the edge of reason. By doing this, Sir William excludes Septimus Smith from communicating with any other characters when he says, â€Å"Try to think as little about yourself as possible† (96). However, as is shown with Clarissa Dalloway, this attempt to consider only the others around you and not yourself is a more than likely road to madness and to the destruction of the self. While Matson reveals the chaos in which Woolf inserts her characters, it must be acknowledged that Woolf does indeed allow them windows of opportunity for survival, exploring each one until she finds which seems to work well with the self and the world, â€Å"Posing, as it does, a challenge to authority in all its various forms without ever becoming prescriptive† (163). While she may not ultimately land on one specific point of view, Woolf certainly sympathizes with Clarissas thoughts and feelings demonstrating that she has reached a close and personal relationship with Clarissas, or her own, individual self which can be noticed in her thoughts of sexuality and philosophies of life. In addition, Clarissa seems to be the most content individual of the characters because she balances in the center of many of the characters. In a way, Woolf is guiding the characters, and therefore the audience, through the ultimate question of being and self. Matson elaborates, saying that â€Å"The spectators (readers) quest is not simply to accept the writing process but also to translate that process into some ultimate word† (166). This â€Å"ultimate word† is something that is possibly the review of self and of life; the consequence of associations, of love, of humanity, and of death all at once. The barrier to this invention, in Mrs. Dalloway, is the patriarchal censorship of the self and the marginalization of personal emotions and interests for the good of the whole and for the advantage of the powerful. Woolfs quest for this is evident, as Jane Fisher explains in â€Å"Silent as the Grave: Painting, Narrative, and the Reader in Night and Day and To The Lighthouse† as â€Å"she attempts to bridge not only the gap between the living and the dead but a more stubborn discipline between the living and the living† (95). This quest also manifests itself into Woolfs other famous novel, To the Lighthouse, which considers these questions even more artfully. The characters in this novel continue to represent the opposites of human personality; however, Woolf does not supply an exact middle-ground protagonist as she does in Mrs. Dalloway, perhaps suggesting that this answer is not as simple as previous critics had theorized. While the opposite ends of the spectrum are easily identifiable through Mr. and Mrs. Ramsay, the characters balancing the weight are of a much greater importance to the question of being. In the essay, â€Å"Towers in the Distance†, Diane Cousineau delves into the understanding of this concentrated emotional continuum as well. Her argument uses gender issues to sound off; however, a further reading can be salvaged from her hypothesis. Mrs. Ramsay is seen as a muse and matriarch who feels it is her duty to perform her role, which is to keep everyone blissfully happy and protected from the harsh realities of life. Mr. Ramsay is seen as the errant philosopher who is creatively motivated by his striking and domesticated wife and the visualization of his â€Å"perfect† family. In Cousineaus essay, she views the lighthouse as the representative of the human genders, â€Å"From the base of broad receptivity, the tower grows narrower as it ascends, suggesting that the containing female vessel is finally to be transcended at a point that is exclusively male and isolate† (54). Although, as Cousineau points out, Woolf decidedly uses gender as a main theme in her expression of ideals it is clear that there is a broader, more enveloping issue involved. While it cannot be denied that gender is a concurring and simultaneous issue, this idea of the tower can also be viewed as the manifestation of human identities searching for their needed role in the labyrinth of existence’s meaning. In addition, while the tower line itself is divided into genders it is more and more ambiguous in identity towards the center of the scale. The â€Å"creative force† at the base of the tower represents the social realm, the idea of the self influencing and also being influenced by others. Towards the climax of the tower the force becomes more and more transcendental and particular, leaving he person unaccompanied to deal with more intellectual ideals and less with insignificant matters such as children or marriage plans. Going along with Cousineau, it is evident that Mr. Ramsays character is determined to find in his valiant and scholarly quest the meanings of the letter R which have made him so representative of the patriarchal visions of oppressive society; however, while he is overbearing, he does have redeeming qualities. It seems he is just trapped within the mindset of the male-dominated world and universe, which again melds the ideas of position with gender. Woolfs description of Mr. Ramsay in the first few pages of the novel make his character a solid position representing the patriarchal peak of the tower by saying that â€Å"He was incapable of untruth; never tampered with a fact; never altered a disagreeable word to suit the pleasure or convenience of any mortal being, least of all his own children, who, sprung from his loins, should be aware from childhood that life is difficult; facts uncompromising; and the passage to that fabled land where our brightest hopes are extinguished, our frail barks founder in darkness† (4). Mrs. Ramsay expresses a different view, however, one of the shielding and inspiring force, that â€Å"To pursue truth with such an astonishing lack of consideration for other peoples feelings, to rend the thin veils of civilization so wantonly, so brutally, was to her so horrible an outrage of human decency that, without relying, dazed and blinded, she bent her head as if to let the pelt of jagged hail, the drench of dirty water, bespatter her unrebuked† (32). Mrs. Ramsays concern is mostly of a social and relational aspect, creating an atmosphere which provides comfort and inspiration for others in the novel. These two main and obviously opposing personalities are met in the middle by numerous character elements contained within the children and within Lily Briscoe. Woolf makes an effort to explore and, at times, refute certain arguments which could resolve the conflict between the two views. She makes it perfectly evident that the marriage of these concerns to one another is not an answer as she explores the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Ramsay. She also explores this connection through younger characters, Minta and John. The dominance of one over the other in any way makes the other dependent and weak, wasting each other instead of working together to meet a goal. The oldest children who follow in their parents footsteps are also led to their demise, concluding that both ends of the spectrum are destroyed. Prue Ramsay dies in childbirth one year after her â€Å"happy marriage†, â€Å"Which was indeed a tragedy, people said, everything, they said, had promised so well†, while her brother, Andrew, dies in the Great War, signifying mans intellectual idealism bringing on his own destruction (122-3). Clearly, Woolf is assuredly making a point that these roles do not provide the answer to life, and in fact, will destroy the life itself. These deaths bring about the importance of life and the importance of living it the way it is most productive and beneficial to both the individual self and the social realm. Fisher believes it is crucial to the search to Woolfs meaning, â€Å"Yet in its destructive capacity, death also guarantees the defeat of these searches for a stable absolute that can resist time (96). This search for an ultimate meaning once again has risen to the top of the novels concerns and attempts, where marriage has failed, to unite the two ends in a balance. Fisher, however, believes that Woolf has twisted the traditional find into something much more complicated and confusing. She suggests that â€Å"Although the goal is unattainable, the novel portrays that the effort to reach such a goal is heroic† (101). On the contrary, it is evident that the process itself, the struggle for balance of self and others, is the meaning- leading to the answers which Woolf has struggled to convey, as Fisher claims, â€Å"What life means finally cannot be separated from how it achieves meaning† (102). In this, the readers see Woolfs call for moderation and the essentiality of productivity of the human self. While Mrs. Ramsay attempts to keep windows, perhaps windows of communication, open, she finds a problem- â€Å"Every door was left open† (27). This over-production of communication leaves her unable to express herself privately, because she is too open to giving and letting others into her personal realm. Mrs. Ramsays inability to have a private self eventually leads to her death, leaving Mr. Ramsay unable to produce without her muse-like inspiration. In this sense, their marriage was a failure because neither could either relate to their private selves nor social atmospheres in the long run, and were left completely lost or destroyed. In addition, their way of life created a detrimental role model for the other characters that they influenced in their respective strength, therefore, they passed on and created a chain of destruction which is represented in both failed relationships and in the advent of the war. The salvation of relationships and the meaning of life then becomes an important part in the discovery of self and others and the dynamic of these in these two particular novels. Characters who alter or cross these heavily prescribed boundaries in the spectrum become closer to achieving the important communion between self and others. Lily Briscoe is a prime example of this androgynous and balanced self. She, unlike other characters, finds herself closer to the realization of lifes meaning through her experience with the Ramsay family. In â€Å"Virginia Woolfs Quest for Equilibrium†, Nancy Topping Bazin notices that Lily has grown closer to this realization because of her struggle to deal with the death of Mrs. Ramsay. She recalls that â€Å"Mrs. Ramsay has died and Lily is longing and crying out for her. But then, having successfully pictured her again in her minds eye, she suddenly longs for Mr. Ramsay, for she wants to share her vision of Mrs. Ramsay with him† (311). Lily, through her ambiguous nature, has come the closest in the novel to answering the question of life. She is struggling to find her place in life and her attempts at great artistry can be seen as attempts at immortality, a desire to continue influencing life long after her end through painting. This type of communication is similar to Clarissa Dalloways idea that she is part of everyone and everything she has known or come into contact with throughout her life. However, Lily also acknowledges the limitations of this ambiguous communication- â€Å"It would be hung in the servants bedrooms. It would be rolled up and stuffed under a sofa† (158). It is perhaps indicative of the importance of the social realm of art which is something that is a personal expression of the self. This recognition of the importance of both areas of being is a clear sense of revelation, in which Lily finds herself completing her work of art; however, she does it with great difficulty. Cam and James, portraying the future of the novels characters, are also foreshadowing an attempt at a balance of self and others. Both are intimately connected to their mother in early life, who is representative of the social side of the spectrum, while it is seen that there is an extremely broad rift between Mr. Ramsay and these two children. Woolf writes, â€Å"But they vowed, in silence, as they walked, to stand by each other and carry out the great compact- to resist tyranny until death† (163). However, they are both influenced by their father and his representation of individuality embodied by the poetry line, â€Å"We perished, each alone† (191). This clear sense of individualism and responsibility for self is something which tips the scales into balance towards the end of the novel, as they travel towards the lighthouse. According to Cousineau, the lighthouse contains both the â€Å"male† features and â€Å"female† features, perhaps again granting it an androgynous status. Cousineau claims that Woolf purposefully did this in order to grant the reader a glimpse into the answers of life, somewhere no one has thought to look in a dominantly patriarchal society, â€Å"In place of unified and coherent subject and linear time, she insisted on fragmented moments of subjectivity lived simultaneously in the present, past and future† (Cousineau 56). This look at the meaning through a different angle gives Woolf an advantage in exploring this idea of self in a new way, which perhaps is symbolic of the way in which people receive the meaning in life. Woolf does not play the part of the omnipotent narrator and leaves much open to question; however, in doing so, she explores many options without assuring a particular answer, something which would become as problematic as the opposite spectrum beliefs of Mr. and Mrs. Ramsay. In this sense, it becomes the way of thinking and finding which becomes most important in the discovery of life and meaning in self. Woolf attempts to create her characters in imitation of the life that one lives, not in a timeline, therefore the central balance is necessary for the reader. Unfortunately, it is unable to be pinpointed exactly because it is no longer on a linear spectrum. This leaves the quest for enlightenment in life and death to be the actual fulfillment of self, because it is easily recognizable that nothing more than death is in store for us all in the end. Fisher describes this idea when stating that â€Å"The valorization of process arises from the novels awareness of temporal inevitability and a teleology that leads only to death† (101). Mr. Ramsay also becomes an important figure in this discovery, because while he is formerly an agent of individuality, he must learn after Mrs. Ramsays death to adhere to relational needs for himself and not have them provided for him. This, while apparently difficult at first, connects Mr. Ramsay with his children and gives him an ultimate sense of balance which promises a new future for his children and for himself. As they approach the lighthouse, Mr. Ramsays children, although reluctantly, seem to be affected by his presence, â€Å"for she was safe, while he sat there; safe, as she felt herself when she crept in from the garden, and took a book down, and the old gentleman, lowering the paper suddenly, said something very brief over the top of it about the character of Napoleon (191). His sense of security comes with the balance of Cams social characteristics and her yearning for the individual intellectual atmosphere which she so seems to crave from her father. James also seems to acknowledge his fathers praises, although they must reach the island of the lighthouse before this can happen. Woolf conveys this by writing, â€Å"He was so pleased that he was not going to let anyone share a grain of his pleasure† (206). Although in the end they leave the island of their childhood to arrive with their father at the tower, they do not leave without the effect of the origin of their being. The relational need of humans is evident, even when needing to express their individual selves. Woolf has deftly maneuvered to supply the reader and her characters with what Matson called â€Å"subversive keys† to her vision of life and it’s meaning (164). This balances the crucial nature of both relational and individual exploration and dependence. In order to live and live fully, one must develop these parts equally, for each is vital to the others success. This idea is explored in both her primary novels, Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse. Through this reading one can interpret Woolfs use of the inner thought and relationships of her characters, as well as her use of ambiguous characters, as demonstrating the need for a balance in ones relations with the self and with others in order to find true happiness in life.

Queen Victorias Golden Jubilee Celebrations

Queen Victorias Golden Jubilee Celebrations Queen Victoria reigned for 63 years and was honored by two great public commemorations of her longevity as ruler of the British Empire. Her Golden Jubilee, to mark the 50th anniversary of her reign, was observed in June 1887. European heads of state, as well as delegations of officials from throughout the empire, attended lavish events in Britain. The Golden Jubilee festivities were widely seen not only as a celebration of Queen Victoria but as an affirmation of Britains place as a global power. Soldiers from throughout the British Empire marched in processions in London. And in the distant outposts of the empire celebrations were also held. Not everyone was inclined to celebrate the longevity of Queen Victoria or the supremacy of Britain. In Ireland, there were public expressions of protest against British rule. And Irish Americans held their own public gatherings to denounce British oppression in their homeland. Ten years later, Victorias Diamond Jubilee celebrations were held to mark Victorias 60th anniversary on the throne. The 1897 events were distinctive as they seemed to mark the end of an era, as they were the last great assemblage of European royalty. Preparations for Queen Victorias Golden Jubilee As the 50th anniversary of Queen Victorias reign approached, the British government felt that a monumental celebration was in order. She had become queen in 1837, at the age of 18, when the monarchy itself had seemed to be coming to an end. She had successfully restored the monarchy to where it occupied a preeminent place in British society. And by any accounting, her reign had been successful. Britain, by the 1880s, stood astride much of the world. And despite small-scale conflicts in Afghanistan and Africa, Britain had essentially been at peace since the Crimean War three decades earlier. There was also a feeling that Victoria deserved a great celebration as she had never celebrated her 25th anniversary on the throne. Her husband, Prince Albert, had died young, in December 1861. And the celebrations which likely would have occurred in 1862, which would have been her Silver Jubilee, were simply out of the question. Indeed, Victoria became fairly reclusive after Alberts death, and when she did appear in public, she would be dressed in widows black. In early 1887 the British government began making preparations for the Golden Jubilee. Many Events Preceded Jubilee Day in 1887 The date of large public events was to be June 21, 1887, which would be the first day of the 51st year of her reign. But a number of associated events began in early May. Delegates from British colonies, including Canada and Australia, gathered and met with Queen Victoria on May 5, 1887, at Windsor Castle. For the next six weeks, the queen participated in a number of public events, including helping to lay the cornerstone for a new hospital. At one point in early May, she expressed curiosity about an American show then touring England, Buffalo Bills Wild West Show. She attended a performance, enjoyed it, and later met cast members. The queen traveled to one of her favorite residences, Balmoral Castle in Scotland, to celebrate her birthday on May 24, but planned to return for London for the major events which would take place close to the anniversary of her accession, June 20. The Golden Jubilee Celebrations The actual anniversary of Victorias accession to the throne, June 20, 1887, began with a private commemoration. Queen Victoria, with her family, had breakfast at Frogmore, near the mausoleum of Prince Albert. She returned to Buckingham Palace, where an enormous banquet was held. Members of various European royal families attended, as did diplomatic representatives. The following day, June 21, 1887, was marked with lavish public spectacle. The queen traveled by a procession through the streets of London to Westminster Abbey. According to a book published the following year, the queens carriage was accompanied by a bodyguard of seventeen princes in military uniform, superbly mounted and wearing their jewels and orders. The princes were from Russia, Britain, Prussia, and other European nations. The role of India in the British Empire was emphasized by having a troop of Indian cavalry in the procession close to the queens carriage. Ancient Westminster Abbey had been prepared, as galleries of seats had been built to accommodate 10,000 invited guests. The service of thanksgiving was marked by prayers and music performed by the abbeys choir. That night, illuminations lit the skies of England. According to one account, On rugged cliffs and beacon hills, on mountain peaks and lofty heaths and commons, great bonfires blazed. The next day a celebration for 27,000 children was held in Londons Hyde Park. Queen Victoria paid a visit to the Childrens Jubilee. All the children attending were given a Jubilee Mug designed by the Doulton company. Some Protested the Celebrations of Queen Victorias Reign Not everyone was favorably impressed by the lavish celebrations honoring Queen Victoria. The New York Times reported that a large gathering of Irish men and women in Boston had protested the plan to hold a celebration of Queen Victorias Golden Jubilee at Faneuil Hall. The celebration at Faneuil Hall in Boston was held on June 21, 1887, despite pleas to the city government to block it. And celebrations were also held in New York City and other American cities and towns. In New York, the Irish community held its own large meeting at Cooper Institute on June 21, 1887. A detailed account in the New York Times was headlined: Irelands Sad Jubilee: Celebrating in Mourning and Bitter Memories. The New York Times story described how the capacity crowd of 2,500, in a hall decorated with black crepe, listened attentively to speeches denouncing British rule in Ireland and the actions of the British government during the Great Famine of the 1840s. Queen Victoria was criticized by one speaker as Irelands tyrant.

Academic life Essays

Academic life Essays Academic life Essay Academic life Essay It is not rare to find faculties having certain stereotypes against persons with disabilities. According to Vasek (2005), faculties that do not have the correct strategies and staff who have experience with disabled persons tend to label students with disabilities. This is in comparison with faculties whose staff is well versed with the needs of the disabled. The more experienced staff more so the professors not only have greater positive attitudes but they are also more sensitive to the needs of the disabled persons. Students with disabilities in such institutions tend to have greater success in their overall social and academic life. On another dimension, some faculties have ended up not fully supporting students with disabilities due to inadequate information provided by the student. Since the student is held responsible of disclosing their disability as best as possible, the effects of inadequate disclosure due to the student’s negative attitudes towards faculty end up influencing the faculty. It always becomes hard for a faculty to determine the right facilities to accommodate a disabled student when adequate information is not provided. In fact determining the needs of the disabled individual may prove challenging to the faculty if the faculty does not have enough experience to deal with the presented disability (Caverly, 2008). The nature of disability surfaces since some forms of disabilities may have a generally well known way of dealing with it than others. It is for instance noted that while it is a common experience among professors to have taught a person who is in wheelchair, they may not be as equipped in dealing with persons with hidden disabilities (Ysseldyke et al, 2004). The provisions in Section 504 and ADA have greatly shaped the attitudes of faculty towards students with disabilities. With Section 504 prohibiting discrimination of persons with disabilities from accessing postsecondary education and several requirements, faculties have been forced to readjust so as to accommodate the disabled. Such adjustments have not only involved provision of supportive facilities but have also included change in attitudes. Persons with disabilities have largely been accepted by faculties as the law has demanded so. With realization that students with disabilities need special attention for them to experience equal benefits with non-disabled students, faculties have had to provide for auxiliary services that are necessary. According to Saunders (2007), faculties have had to provide appropriate accommodation services for the disabled students as per the requirements of the law. It has also been noted that despite the much acceptability of the inclusion of the disabled in the institutions of higher education, the private sector in general does not seem to view this move very positively. Training faculty members on the ways to effectively handle students with disabilities in order to benefit the student to the maximum has been a move created by Section 504 and ADA. The willingness to accommodate students with disabilities has been shown to vary greatly in faculties depending on several variables. According to Rao (2004), while faculties (professors in specific) have shown great acceptance of some forms of accommodations for students with disabilities, the willingness to provide such assistance differs depending on the types of facilities required. For instance, there seems to be a greater acceptability to offer learning aids such as taped lectures extended time for assignments as compared to allowing the student with disability to do special assignments in addition to the normal ones. Poor understanding and implementation of the requirements of Section 504 and ADA has created relatively negative attitudes towards persons with disabilities which have ended up in legal battles (DePoy Gitlin, 2005). Faculties may for instance have difficulties with dealing with sensitive disability issues that the student may present. While it is the obligation of the faculty to provide necessary support to the disabled student, the faculty is still supposed to work within its capacity. Balancing the need to have the student’s needs catered for and catering for overall learning needs for other students becomes tough for faculties and they may tend to develop negativity on accommodating the disabled. Accommodating the needs of persons with disabilities requires extra efforts and resources. A professor for instance may be required to set extra time to prepare taped notes and other auxiliary aids for the disabled persons. The faculty in itself may require extra resources and infrastructure to ensure smooth learning for the disabled students. Whereas this may be received negatively by some facilities, some faculties appreciate accommodating the disabled. Even in cases where the resources have been provided, it is the sentiments of some faculties that students with disabilities sometimes end up not being served effectively (Buskist Davis, 2006). This implies that some faculties do not fully embrace and appreciate the need to have the disabled persons treated equally in the institutions of higher education.

HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

HISTORY - Essay Example The aim of Grady was to develop a dynamic and prosperous country. After the fire accident in the year 1864, the city of Atlanta raised to a much beautiful and bold city. Since then, leaders like Grady wanted America to be one among the best countries in the world. He wished the New South to be a united and democratic place. The main aim of Grady was to bring a nation where people had the freedom to express their views. He wanted to bring about a change in the history of America. This was made possible since southern nation changed to a nation with more freedom. Grady aspired to make New South a place with diversity. Since agriculture was the only form of occupation, it did not yield much of an income. Then Grady wanted the people to work in all the fields like the people of Northern nations. (Grady 1890).He wanted to indulge people in all sorts of industries and improve their standard of living. Grady encouraged the public to invest in capital funds which will improve the financial status of the country. Another aim of Grady was to improve the industries so that job opportunities would increase. Grady wished to abolish labor unions and slavery. This was ruining the people of America. Another major aim of Grady was to remove racism and treat everyone as same. He strived hard to put an end to racism. Due to racism, many Americans and African-Americans found it difficult to work in the industries. A high rate of difference was prevailing in the industries which led Grady to abolish racism. African-Americans were not given opportunity to work in the industries were Americans were working. After a struggle Grady managed to change this situation. Blacks were also treated as other Americans. His dream of bringing blacks into â€Å"New South† came true. This gradually led to the improvement in the lives of slaves. Many people were living in the South as slaves’ pre and post war. (Grady 1890).Grady freed the slaves from the Southern job market. He initiated a

Total Productive Maintenance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Total Productive Maintenance - Essay Example However in order to undertake an effective Total Productive Maintenance process some important factors should be taken into consideration. It is important to understand both the potential rewards and the associated risks. The main aim of this paper is to summarize what has been written so far about the Total Productive Maintenance process and to propose a methodological approach in order to conduct a research concerning this issue. The paper is also aimed at analyzing and testing the effectiveness of the contributing factors in the implementation of the Total Productive Maintenance process. TPM is combination the ideas of people operating the equipment and people maintaining it (Robert, 2002). Maintenance affects all aspects of business effectiveness - risk, safety, environmental sustainability achieved, energy efficiency, and product quality and customer service, i.e. not just plant availability and costs. Downtime has always affected adversely the capability of physical assets by reducing output, increasing operating costs and lowering customer service (Moubray, 2000) It was also found that the TPM facilitator must be motivated and proactive to make best use of their meetings with management, promote TPM and implement the training received. They must also be persuasive and have the ability to coach and train people in the TPM methodology (Ireland & Dale, 2006) In order to implement a successful TPM it is important to keep a data of the problems occurred in the equipment, the down time and the solution provided (Besterfield, Michna, Besterfield & Sacre). Hence the first developed hypothesis is: H1: The successful implementation of TPM is dependent upon the availability of past data related to equipment. Increase in employee empowerment is another important factor, which contribute to the effectiveness of the total productive maintenance. The enthusiasm of employees can be improved by setting challenging targets and specifying how to achieve them. Autonomy is the core concept of empowerment, while the management retains control through information systems, choice of processes and available tools (Agyris, 1998). Hence the hypothesis develops as: H2: Higher the level of employees autonomy higher the level of success of TPM. The information and ideas are successfully exchanged through communication between persons and groups. It is important to exchange the ideas and information in a mutually understandable manner. It is important to train the employees regarding the change to be undertaken in the organization. The third hypothesis to be tested is the role of training of employees in the TPM. H3: Is it necessary to undertake TQM with TPM. Hence as mentioned below the TPM is the 5S step-by-step program: 1 - Cleaning & Restoration: Thoroughly restore & clean. Motivation through participation. 2 - Eliminate Stains, Mixed, Contamination: Study Root Causes of Dirt, Mixing, Loss, and damage and take actions. 3 - Improve Accessibility: Achieve 1 minute accessibility time for

The Code of Hammurabi Essay Example for Free

The Code of Hammurabi Essay The Code of Hammurabi is remembered more for the punishments set for each crime, and not for the crimes themselves. The â€Å"eye for an eye† rule and the plentiful crimes that may result to a death penalty may seem harsh for us nowadays, but the Code has been the basis of other subsequent laws used to govern a society. â€Å"By far the most remarkable of the Hammurabi records is his code of laws, the earliest-known example of a ruler proclaiming publicly to his people an entire body of laws, arranged in orderly groups, so that all men might read and know what was required of them. † (Fordham University ) The Code is also considered Hammurabi’s best legacy not only to his people, but to other societies as well. This is understandable because Hammurabi has ruled over the world’s oldest metropolis, Babylon. During those times, the code of law is considered â€Å"a subject for prayer†, although the dominant view is contempt for the violators of the law. (Yale Law School) The Code of Hammurabi is basically a list of rules for a community. There are negative and positive results that can be expected with the implementation of the set rules. Hammurabi, Babylon’s ruler, has formulated the laws in order to make sure that his kingdom maintains peace, order and justice. He is presented as a king who is also a wise law-giver. However, as said earlier, there are advantages and disadvantages in implementing the Code of Hammurabi. Due to the strictness and gravity of the punishments, the Code may actually create a peaceful community. Fear is instilled in the people of Babylon. The Code also aims to promote balance and over-all justice in the community: â€Å"†¦Hammurabi, the exalted prince, who feared God, to bring about the rule of righteousness in the land, to destroy the wicked and the evil-doers; so that the strong should not harm the weak; so that I should rule over the black-headed people like Shamash, and enlighten the land, to further the well-being of mankind. † (Yale Law School) I believe that the Code is well-intended. It must also have been a success because there are other set of rules that seem to follow the Code of Hammurabi. If one should peruse the Ten Commandments, some similarities can be discovered. Basically, what is considered a sin in Hammurabi’s time is still considered a sin or a violation of the law. However, the Commandments have reduced the violations that should be punishable by death. In fact, the emphasis is on what should not be done, not on what punishments should be implemented. This negative way of setting rules, like â€Å"Thou shall not kill† is its similarity to the Code of Hammurabi, except that the Code attaches the punishments to what must not be done. (Bible. Org) There are many points in the Code which talks about punishment for things that are prohibited or for things that are not proved. â€Å"If anyone brings an accusation of any crime before the elders, and does not prove what he has charged, he shall, if it be a capital offense charged, be put to death, (Yale Law School) † is an example of the laws enumerated in the Code of Hammurabi. This can be compared to the Ten Commandments’ law against bearing false witness against a neighbor. â€Å"If anyone is committing a robbery and is caught, then he shall be put to death† is an example of a punishment attached to the crime which is prohibited. In this case, the rule states that robbers should be put to death. (Yale Law School) Like the other rules, the intention is to discourage people from committing the crime. Other rules with punishments of a less serious degree attached seem to be more reminiscent of state laws rather than religious laws. Surprisingly, even within a Code which can be often harsh and unforgiving, there are also some provisions in some laws that will provide options to the one who has been wronged. For example, if the wife is caught committing adultery, the husband is given an option to forgive her. It also gives importance to fairness in trade and contracts. Persons who own properties, including slaves, must make sure that they have the proper documentation ready for cases that will question the validity of ownership. This will gauge if stealing or cheating has occurred. This is a common sense rule which prevails today. The above mentioned statements support the positive effect of the Code of Hammurabi. Nevertheless, the Code is not without its flaws. Although the fear that is instilled in the people by giving harsh penalties may reduce the crime rate in any given society, the very fear may be detrimental to the psyche of the people ruled by the law. I believe that it is not fully satisfying to command people with the weapon of fear. The Code cannot ensure the goodness of the people, only their outward behavior. Although I think that the Code of Hammurabi is well-intended, as it aims for a just and peaceful community, there are laws within it that actually violates my sense of justice. There are punishments that are too harsh for the crime that it is meant to castigate. For example, a woman who is to set up a tavern or even just to enter a tavern to have a drink will be burned to death. The Code is also not without its share of superstition. In the absence of other means to prove guilt, measures like making people swim in the river and then judging them to be guilty if they drown, seem to be superstitious and ignorant. Obviously, this manner of investigation cannot work during modern times when people train to become stronger swimmers. In life, we like to believe that we are given several chances to change our ways. Even modern prisons allow for some conversion, religious or secular they may be. Death penalties are only implemented whenever heinous crimes are encountered. However, the Code of Hammurabi seems to pride itself in preventing a person to commit the same mistake. â€Å"If a judge tries a case, reach a decision, and present his judgment in writing; if later error shall appear in his decision, and it be through his own fault, then he shall pay twelve times the fine set by him in the case, and he shall be publicly removed from the judges bench, and never again shall he sit there to render judgment†. (Yale Law School) The above example shows the finality of the Code’s decision on a person’s fate. Of course this will have its advantages as well. If the error committed has affected many lives in a serious way, like in medical malpractices of today, licenses are revoked. As a conclusion, I believe that the Code of Hammurabi is an effective set of rules formulated by a just ruler. Nevertheless, there is a need to adjust some of the penalties in order to fit today’s sense of justice. The Ten Commandments, and other religious laws, have already condensed the Code’s contents while state or government laws have versions of its secular pointers. Works Cited: Bible. Org. 20 October 2007 http://www. bible. org/page. php? page_id=146. Fordham University . 20 October 2007 http://www. fordham. edu/halsall/ancient/hamcode. html. Yale Law School. The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. 17 October 2007 http://www. yale. edu/lawweb/avalon/medieval/hamframe. htm.

Copper Essay -- essays research papers

Copper   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Copper is a mineral. it is not a plant or a animal. Copper is a metallic metal. It can never be broken down into differnet substances by normal chemical means. Copper was one of the first metals known to humans. People liked it because in it’s native condition, it could easily be beaten into weapons or tools. Copper has been one of the most useful metals for over 5000 years. Copper was probably used around 8000 B.C by people living along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. In 6000 B.C, Egyptians learned how to hammer copper into things they wanted. Around 3500 B.C, People first learned how to melt copper with tin to make bronze. So the period between 3000 B.C and 1100 B.C became known as the bronze age.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today, some of the leading states of the copper industry are Arizona with 747,000 short tons, Utah with 187,000 short tons, New Mexico with 161,000 short tons. Some other leading countries are Chile with 1,422,000 short tons, United States with 1,203,000 short tons, Soviet Union with 650,000 short tons, and Zambia with 596,000 short tons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When copper is being mined, both Native copper and copper ore are usually found. The highest grade of copper ore is pale silvery gray. Miners used to be always in danger in copper mines. Today, we have redu...

Quarry Bank Mill †questions and answers Essay

1) Why did Samuel Greg establish a cotton mill in Styal in 1784? Greg established a cotton mill rather than a silk mill or other type of factory because cotton was the material that everyone wanted. Greg was a cotton merchant so he knew of all the advances in technology that were making it easier for cotton to be spun and woven. He knew that the machines making peoples jobs easier were too big to fit in their houses as they had done in the past, so he decided that if he built a mill to house them then he could make a lot of money seeing as cotton was in demand. Greg was a cotton merchant, so he knew the area. In the summer people would be farming, and in the winter they would be spinning cotton. Greg knew that these people would want a regular job to do all year so cotton was a good industry as they were already experienced at it, and wasn’t as laborious as farming. Also, due to the invention of John Kay’s flying shuttle in 1733, the spinners were struggling to keep up, as they could not spin enough thread for the weavers. Greg knew this so he decided that is he had a lot of spinners then he would be paid lots because thread for weaving was in high demand. Greg established his mill in 1784 because this was when the patents for cotton manufacture machines ran out. In 1771 Arkwright invented the waterframe which was a spinning machine powered by water. More cotton could be made, so the price would drop which meant more people would buy cotton. However, Arkwright had a patent on this machine so it was very expensive. Greg had probably been waiting until the patent on it ran out before he built his mill. The Arkwright waterframe needed a water supply, and Styal was the perfect place for Greg to build his mill. The land on which he built his mill was hilly, so very cheap because it was too steep for farming. It cost Greg about à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2 per year to rent this land off the Earl of Stamford. The land that he bought had steep sides because it was part of a valley with a stream at the bottom. There were no factories upstream so there was nothing disturbing the waterpower, so Greg had a fast, regular supply of energy. Greg had the money to rent this land and afford to build a mill and employ workers because when he was 9 he moved to Manchester to live with his uncles who were in the cotton trade. He inherited à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10,000 from one uncle when he died, and when the other uncle retired he left Greg à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½25,000 worth of business to Greg when he was 24. Styal was also a good place to build a mill because it was near to Manchester so there was a good transport system. Cotton was transported from Egypt and India to Liverpool, and from Liverpool it was taken along the Bridgewater canal to Broadheath. It would then be taken from Broadheath by horse and cart to Styal. This transport system was good fro Greg because it made the raw cotton accessible, and it was reliable so he could always have a steady incoming supply of cotton, and he could transport his own spun cotton to cotton merchants so had a steady income. Coursework: Quarry Bank Mill 2) To what extent do the Greg’s deserve their reputation as good employers? Samuel Greg seems like a good employer, but there are cases against him, and cases which enhance his reputation as a good mill owner. The working conditions in the mill were quite loud. Sources from the mill show us that there was fine cotton in the air, which got into peoples lungs and caused lung problems for workers. Also, the cotton was highly flammable, so a tiny spark from one of the machines could start a fire. The floors and ceiling support beams were made out of wood, which was also a fire hazard. However, Greg covered the ceilings with metal panels, and had stone staircases for a fire escape where people would be safe. In the mill it was very hot and humid because cotton was stronger when it was damp. Employees couldn’t open windows because they had to keep conditions like this, so they were forced to work in a hot and damp factory. The machines were all packed tightly into the factory and there were no safety guards so it was very easy to get caught up in the machines. However, sources from the mill show that there were very rarely any deaths from people getting caught in machines, although not all cases may have been recorded for the mill to avoid a bad, dangerous reputation. In the factory it would have been loud because of all the machines, so the workers put cotton in their ears to reduce the damage, as earmuffs only became law in 1986. Despite the fact these working conditions weren’t the best to be working in, all other mills were the same and possibly worse. The hours people worked were fairly similar to the hours worked by people at other mills. However, all ages worked the same. Sources at the mill, and source A tells us that all employees worked 68 hours a week. However, Source A was written in 1834, and the factory act was passed the year before in 1833. The factory act stated that 9-13 year olds only worked a 48 hour week, but Greg was making them work the same hours as all other employees over 13. However, there was no register of births until 1837, which meant that you didn’t know how old children were, so magistrates couldn’t prove that Greg was breaking the law. Also, other factory owners were doing just the same, and breaking other laws such as the night working of children, and making them work under the age of 9, whereas Greg was obeying these rules. Also, Greg employed families, so they could all work together, and employed apprentices. In Source A, Greg states that no children under 12 were made to work, however Greg wrote this himself so he could easily have lied as no inspector came to make sure he was telling the truth. Also, there were no birth certificates so it was impossible to prove how old the children actually were so Greg could make under 12s work and get away with it. Greg did not believe in punishing his workers, due to his religion, so there was no corporal punishment inflicted on his employees. Source A proves that Greg did not enforce corporal punishments, however, Source A is a questionnaire sent to Greg to answer about his own mill. The factory commissioners did not visit the mill; they just relied on the answers to the questionnaire given to them by the factory owners. Greg could have been biased in his answers because it was his own mill so he would probably have lied to make his mill seem better. Also, question 64 asks if any complaints have been taken against him or any overseers on the punishment of employees. No answer is given to this question, which makes it seem dubious. Either Greg was guilty and did not want to lie so he gave no answer, or he was being truthful and no complaint had been alleged so he did not answer because there had been no cases. Despite these details making Greg seem a good employer, there is also the case of Esther Price. Source C says that she was put in solitary confinement in a ‘dungeon’ with ‘windows darkened by boards being nailed up against them on the inside’. Price was supposed to have been in this room for 5 days without light, fire or a bed. However it is said that she escaped after finding out a dead body was in the room next to her and she was so terrified she managed to escape. This story seems a bit extreme, and is probably biased because it was written by John Doherty, who was campaigning for less working hours for mill employees, so he would be extremely critical and would probably exaggerate the details. We do not know how old Esther Price was, or whether she was a typical worker, or an exception. Also, if she had skipped work, why didn’t they just shave her head like they did to punish other girls, or just make her work through her break times to make up for the work lost. She was supposed to have been kept in a ‘dungeon’ but we do not know how big this room was, or whether it really was a dungeon. If Greg was not big on punishments, then why have a ‘dungeon’ specifically for solitary confinement, and if the boards keeping out the light were nailed on the inside, then why couldn’t the prisoner just pull them off? Greg was well known for being a good employer and running a good mill, so Doherty probably chose him to pick on to damage his reputation. Also, Esther stayed on at the mill after she was 21 and was allowed to leave the apprentice house, so her experience couldn’t have been that bad otherwise she would have left and got another job somewhere else. Sources at the mill tell us that the wages Greg’s workers received were less than in other mills, but the conditions were better, and better housing was provided. Greg built a village near to the mill for his workers to live in. The rent for these houses was less than in other places, and the houses themselves were better than in other places. Greg built two-up-two-down houses, which had more room and were better than the back-to-back houses built in other cities because instead of having a family or more in each room, you had a family in each half of the room so it was more hygienic. There were outside toilets for each of these houses in the small yard at the back, and there were allotments so workers could grow their own food and spend their money on other things. In this village, there was also a bakers, a few shops and a church for workers. In the apprentice house, apprentices were given a healthy diet, and were fed twice every day, which was extremely good as in other workplaces they would sometimes not receive any food in one day. Workers in the mill had a breakfast time before they started work; they stopped for lunch and then could have their own evening meal when they got home. Source B states that apprentices had every day, which would have been quite expensive. On the other hand, this source was written by Andrew Ure who was convinced that factories were a good way to keep children happy and employed. He was writing to argue that factories were good so would probably be biased. Sources at the mill show there was a doctor that regularly visited the apprentice house. Healthcare was not a necessity, so Greg was ahead of the future laws be making sure his apprentices were in good health and were cared for when sick. Greg made sure that the apprentices attended school regularly and they were taught how to read, write and some maths. This was probably for his own benefit because if his employees could read then they could read signs put up about hour or wage changes, or could go on to work sorting out the mills finances or something that required more than just a person with thin nimble fingers. In the workers village there was a church, and workers and apprentices attended the church regularly. Despite the cases against him, Greg appears to be a good employer. He was keeping almost all his working conditions within the law, and the factory conditions were no worse than other factories. He was educating his apprentices which was giving them a chance of a good future, and was sending them to church which wasn’t necessary but he wanted them to go anyway. He employed a doctor which wasn’t a requirement, so he wanted to keep his apprentices in good health. He also did not enforce physical punishments, and there were hardly any deaths. He provided them with cheap rent for good houses. I think that Greg was a good employer, but he did have an ulterior motive, which was money. By educating his apprentices they could do other jobs for him, which brought in more money than working machines. He may have built a mill purely because he was concerned about the families going out of business because of the new machines, or he would rather they worked in a factory with better conditions like his, or he built the mill because he wanted to make money, and he could make enough to afford to keep his workers happy.

Prostate Cancer in African American Men Essay

Cancer has always been one of the most dreaded diseases of humans. This incurable disease has broken the hearts and spirits of many, and has continuously left an indelible mark in its patients’ lives. One of the cancer types associated with men is prostate cancer. The National Cancer Institute website defined prostate cancer as the type of cancer occurring in the male reproductive system, more specifically in the prostate tissues. This type of cancer is normally triggered in older men (n.d.).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition to this, the disease also reiterates that genetically mutated cells, known as cancer cells, are present in the prostate. The Prostate Disease website also added that tumors are formed, spreading to the different areas in the body. The spread of the said cells causes permanent damage to the normal functions to the different organs (2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aside from the fact that cancer is genetically transmitted, the underlying causes of prostate cancer are still undecipherable. The profile of an individual candidate for prostate cancer is usually taken into consideration. Since males are the only ones with prostates, the women are fortunately exempted from acquiring this disease. Race is another factor affected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Intercultural Cancer Council website stated that Prostate Cancer affects 37% of African American men (Baylor College of Medicine, 2007). It was also stated that the percentage rate of men afflicted with prostate cancer is relatively higher in Europe and in North America, as compared to Asia, Africa, and South America. Diet is one of the most unrecognizable causes of prostate cancer. Eating of food rich in carcinogens can increase the cancer rate in the body.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to the National Prostate Coalition website, African American males are afflicted by Prostate Cancer far more than the other types of cancer. In an estimation made by the same website, there were 4,240 prostate cancer deaths in 2007. The chances of genetically acquiring the disease are very big for African Americans. For a close relative afflicted with the disease, the individual has a one out of three chance of acquiring the cancer. For those who have two relatives afflicted with prostate cancer, the chances increase, with an 83% possibility. Worse, if there were three or more members afflicted, the possible acquisition of the disease is 97% (NPCC, 2007). Quite disappointing, but true.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The early stages of prostate cancer inhibit the patient from experiencing and seeing the symptoms. This is primarily due to the fact that these symptoms may also be caused by the presence of other diseases. Such symptoms may include frequent urination, urinary incontinence, presence of blood in the semen and in urine, erection difficulties, and agonizing ejaculation. Presence of at least two of the above mentioned should be enough basis for the patient to consult an oncologist or urologist at the soonest possible time (Marks, 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Biopsy is one of the most reliable tests done in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. With the presence of a Urologist, a tissue sample is harvested from the patient using a needle. The sample is then forwarded to the Pathologist for extensive examination that could lead to the possible detection of prostate cancer. Several other tests are also performed after biopsy that act as the other opinions in proving the presence of cancer cells. Some of the tests include   a CT scan, bone scan, and an MRI (Strum, Pogliano, 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With the rampant upgrades in technology, several treatment methods have been available for prostate cancer. According to the website of the American Academy of Family Physicians, the tumor spread of prostate cancer plays an important role in the type of treatment used (2008). The most common treatments used were Radical Prostatectomy, Radiation Therapy, Cyrotherapy, and Active Surveillance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the used surgeries is Radical Prostatectomy. This process focuses on the extraction of the prostate gland and the nearby tissues from the body. This surgery requires the patient to undergo a general anesthesia, so as to avoid the unbearable pain that can be felt during surgery. As replacement, a catheter is placed through the penis so that urination may be facilitated while the wounds are healing (Blasko, Grim, Sylvester, 2003) .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Undergoing Prostatectomy is one of the most certain treatments for prostate cancer. The removal of the prostate and its nearby tissues inhibits the spread of the cancer cells to the other parts of the body. This also gives the doctor firsthand information of the results, giving them enough evidence as to whether the cancer will spread or not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Radiation Therapy on the other hand, does not involve any surgery. Instead, the procedure makes use of x-rays whose energy is high enough to kill cancer cells. For this specific disease, two types can be used. These are the External beam and the Internal. The External beam uses a machine that beams radiation from the outside of the body. The target of the beam is the prostate, making sure that radiation is exposed on the pelvis and in the prostate. The side effects for this treatment include diarrhea, rectal irritation, bleeding and painful urination. Sometimes, this therapy may also cause impotence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Internal radiation therapy, as compared to the external beam, emits radiation seeds that were implanted on the prostate. These seeds are powerful enough to kill cancer cells, but may be very painful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cryotherapy, according to the Prostate Cancer Institute website, is one of the newest therapies discovered in the 1990’s. The treatment utilizes the freezing of the prostate gland, destroying the whole organ, including the cancer cells that may be incorporated in the process. The process requires the patient to undergo general anesthesia, and is over in about two hours. The side effects experienced by the patient are usually treated after a few weeks. These may include urinary incontinence, pains in the pelvis, and swelling in the scrotum (2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Active surveillance, on the other hand, is yet the most simple among all treatments. The patient does not undergo a specific treatment, and instead is in close communication with the physician. This process includes regular tests and exams that monitor the health of the patients (2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Having to bear the pain of prostate cancer and the thought of actually dealing with the disease is heartbreaking for anyone. The best thing to avoid such heartbreaks is to try and avoid contacting the disease. According to the WebMD website, the consumption of food rich in fiber can be very beneficial in the prevention of the disease. These include the consumption of tomatoes, vegetables, and soy products. In addition to this, researches are being conducted in finding the correct preventive measures of prostate cancer. Some of these researches include the fact that the administration of a Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) helps in the protection of men from having prostate cancer. Another is the fact that drinking red wine also helps in the prevention of prostate cancer (July 24, 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Regardless of what the effects of prostate cancer are, what is important is the fact that people, cannot avoid such disease. May they be Caucasians, Asians, or even African Americans; no one is exempted from having such. We all just have to take good care of our bodies, and of our lives. References (24 July 2006). Prostate cancer health center: Prostate Cancer-Prevention. Retrieved March 20,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2008 from http://www.webmd.com/prostate-cancer/tc/prostate-cancer-prevention.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   American Academy of Family Physicians. (2008). Prostate Cancer Treatment Options.   Ã‚   Retrieved March 20, 2008 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/cancer/treatment/264.html Intercultural Cancer Council. (2007). African Americans & Cancer. Retrieved March 20,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2008 from http://iccnetwork.org/cancerfacts/cfs1.htm Strum, S.B., & Pogliano, D.L. (2005). A primer on prostate cancer: The empowered patient’s   Ã‚  Ã‚   guide. Life Extension Media. National Cancer Institute. (n.d.). Prostate Cancer. Retrieved March 20, 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/prostate Marks, Sheldon. (2003). Prostate and cancer: A family guide to diagnosis, treatment and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   survival. Perseus Books Group. Grimm, P., Blasko, J., Sylvester, J. (2003). The prostate cancer treatment book.   Contemporary    Books. Prostate Disease. (2006). Prostate Cancer. Retrieved March 20, 2008 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.prostatedisease.org/prostate_cancer/default.aspx Prostate Disease. (2006). Prostate Cancer- Causes and Risk Factors. Retrieved March 20,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2008 from http://www.prostatedisease.org/prostate_cancer/risk_factors.aspx Prostate Cancer Institute. (2006). Cryotherapy for Prostate Cancer. Retrieved March 20, 2008    from  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.prostate-cancer-institute.org/prostate-cancer–  Ã‚  Ã‚   treatment/cryosurgery.html

Top 7 Affordable Universities around the World to Study Management

Top 7 Affordable Universities around the World to Study Management Top 7 Affordable Universities around the World to Study Management A management degree will help you in almost any career, and almost any part of the world too. You will learn how to manage a group of employees and bring out the best of them. And who wouldn’t want to do that? But you don’t want to waste all your future income on expensive student loan debt or find yourself chronically broke during your years as a student. You need a degree program that’s excellent but also affordable. Here are our picks for the top 10 most affordable universities in the world to study management. Colorado State University-Global Campus. The Bachelor’s in Science in Business Management, consisting of 11 courses and 120 credit hours, can be earned entirely online. Choose a concentration in business administration, finance, marketing, or project management. Tuition is $8400 a year. The University of Dundee. The innovative Business Management BSc program at Dundee boasts courses taught by experts in the field and hands-on practice at financial institutions. They encourage the study of areas that are becoming increasingly important in today’s world, such as Human Rights Management and Managing Change. Students in the UK will pay  £9,250 per year for three years of a four-year degree. For all others, costs vary. Northeastern University. Another great online program, the Bachelor’s in Business Management at Northeastern University is certified by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. You can even achieve your degree in just 18 months, using their â€Å"Fast Track† option. Undergraduate tuition is from $796 to $1,518 per year. Indian River State College. This college offers its Bachelor of Applied Science in Organizational Management completely online. A low student-faculty ratio means you can be assured of getting all the attention and extra help you need, despite the online format. It has also been ranked 4th of the most affordable colleges in the US. Tuition is $2,764 per year for in-state and $10,201 for out-of-state students. The University of Bath. Bath’s School of Management ranks first for Marketing and second for Business and Management Studies in the UK. It is also renowned for its marketing research. In addition, it is among only 1% of schools in the world to be accredited by EQUIS, the quality improvement system run by the European Foundation for Management Development. Fees are  £15,200 for the arts and  £19,000 for laboratory subjects. The University of Alabama at Birmingham. The school’s online Bachelor of Science in Management from the Collat School of Business allows you to concentrate in Operations Management, Leadership, or Business and Society (to name just a few). Tuition varies from $793 to $938. Thomas Edison State College. This program is perfect for you if you need to continue working while earning your management degree. It prides itself on flexibility and on rigorous, high-quality curriculum. Students choose an area of study that reflects the field they want to enter; the list is extensive, including Accounting, Human Resources, Operations Management, and many others. Tuition is $8395. With any of these universities, you will gain the skills and knowledge you need to succeed in the management career without breaking the bank. Our company offers reliable Management essay writing service for university students all over the world.

6 Ways to Create a Productive Study Environment

6 Ways to Create a Productive Study Environment 6 Ways to Create a Productive Study Environment Whether you’re studying for a test or writing an assignment, working effectively depends heavily on your surroundings. As such, it’s critical that you have a good study environment. Luckily, we have six top tips for what makes the perfect place to study. All you need to do is keep the following considerations in mind†¦ 1. Location, Location, Location! Where you go to work makes a big difference to your productivity. If you’re studying at home, the key will be finding somewhere away from distractions and disturbances. If you don’t want to study at home, however, or if your party-hard housemates make working from home a little challenging, you have plenty of alternative options, including libraries and coffee shops. 2. Tidy Desk, Tidy Mind This doesn’t work for everyone (some people thrive on chaos), but generally you’ll find yourself more productive if your study environment is tidy and organized. This is partly because keeping your workspace tidy makes it easier to find books, notes or anything else you need when you need it. But it’s also because not being surrounded by piles of clutter and discarded coffee cups can make it easier to focus on the task at hand! Theres probably a desk under there somewhere. [Image: Ali West/flickr] 3. Eliminate Distractions You’re unlikely to get much done if you’re checking Twitter every thirty seconds. If this sounds familiar, you might want to install software on your computer/phone to temporarily block any websites or apps that you find distracting. The same applies to TV, friends, partners and anything else that stops you paying attention to your work: If it’s distracting, make sure it isn’t part of your study environment! 4. Background Music Many people find a bit of background music good for concentration. Instrumental music is the best option here, as songs with lyrics can become distracting. Note, however, that wearing headphones while revising has been found to make it harder to recall what you’ve read. So although you might think that wearing headphones is a good way to block out noise when studying at a coffee shop, it might also interfere with your learning! It definitely helps if you open your eyes, too. 5. Comfort is Key! Temperature, lighting and comfort all make a big difference if you’re settling in for a prolonged study session. Make sure your environment is cool, well-lit and comfortable enough that you won’t become restless after a few minutes working. Taking regular breaks is also helpful. You can also be too comfortable, though, so studying in bed is probably not a great idea. 6. Be Prepared†¦ Ultimately, the most important thing when creating a study environment is to be prepared! This means having everything you need to hand when you start, including books, notes, pens and pencils, a drink, snacks and any other study resources you find helpful to have around.

Society & Bullshit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Society & Bullshit - Essay Example As bullshit does not reject the authority of truth, it has a power to pose as truth thus captivating the society. In this manner, it is a bigger enemy of the society than lie (Noah, 2005). A democratic and civilized society being aware of its basic right of truth and justice expects its country’s political disclosure to be based on them. It is important for the political discourse of the country to rely on truth so that the citizens are correctly aware of every situation concerned with their country. Lying, misrepresenting and bullshitting the nation will not only misguide it but would also hinder the society’s growth (McCormack, 2005). In the recent years, the U.S political discourse has become all about misrepresentation, falsifying the truth and lying. The dealings of recent governments depict that there is no place for truth in today’s political culture. President Bush era is a real and proven example of government lies and misrepresentation to the public. His lies and deceits have increased public mistrust in the government. It looks as if today’s political discourse is least concerned with truth seeking and providing it to the public (Arendt, 2009). One of the most famous examples of bullshit in the recent history of U.S political discourse is of President Bush State of the Union address in 2003. Financial Times reported this that the famous war justifying 16 words in the President’s address ("The British government has learned that Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa")  (Noah, 2005) were bullshit. Use of word â€Å"learned† rather than â€Å"concluded† signifies these words as bullshit. Although these words might be true, but they were bullshit as at the time of making this statement the president and his staff did not have evidence to support their claim, so they were bullshitting (Noah, 2005). These 16